Café-chantant

"Café chantant" (French: lit. “Singing café”) A type of musical establishment associated with the "belle époque" in France. Although there is much overlap of definition with cabaret, music hall, vaudeville, etc. the "café chantant" was originally an outdoor café where small groups of performers performed popular music for the public. The music was generally lighthearted, sometimes risqué, even bawdy but, as opposed to the cabaret tradition, not particularly political or confrontational.

The tradition of such premises as a venue for music has its origins in Paris and London of the 18th century, but gained its widest popularity in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with the growth of various other national “schools” of "cafè chantant" (besides French). Thus, one spoke of an Italian, German, or Austrian café chantant, for example. One of the most famous performers in this medium was violinist Georges Boulanger who performed in this style from 1910 till 1958.

In Spain it was known as a "cafe cantate" and became the centre for professional flamenco performances from the mid 19th century to the 1920s

"Cafés chantants", known as "kahvehane" in Turkish, appeared in Istanbul during the Ottoman Era in 1554. Hundreds of them were opened continually, most of them with a social club status. [http://seyhan.library.boun.edu.tr/search/aya{240}sar%2C+ahmet/ayas~aar+ahmet/1%2C1%2C3%2CB/frameset&FF=ayas~aar+ahmet+1978&2%2C%2C3/indexsort=-]

In the Russian Empire, the term was taken wholesale into the Russian language as "kafe-shantan" (кафе-шантан); Odessa was the city best known for its numerous "kafe-shantany".