Archibald Campbell Jordan

Archibald Campbell Mzolisa Jordan (30 October 1906 - 1968) was a novelist, literary historian and intellectual pioneer of African studies in South Africa.

Early life

He was born at the Mbokothwane Mission in the Tsolo district, Pondoland (later Transkei), as son of an Anglican Church minister. He trained as teacher at St John's College in Mthatha, completed his junior certificate at Lovedale College, Alice, and then won a scholarship to Fort Hare University College. He completed his literary training with a BA Degree (1934), an MA on the Nguni and Sotho groups (1942), and his doctoral degree on A Phonological and Grammatical Study of Literary Xhosa in 1957.

Writing career

While teaching in Kroonstad (then in the Orange Free State) between 1934 and 1944 Jordan mastered Sotho, became president of the African Teachers’ Association, and started his writing career with the publication of poetry in the newspaper Imvo Zabantsundu. He also started work on his classic Xhosa novel, Ingqumbo Yezinyanya (1940), later translated by the author and his wife, Phyllis Ntantala, into English as The Wrath of the Ancestors (1980). This novel, considered as one of the master pieces of Xhosa writing and South African literature, was translated into Afrikaans as "Die toorn van die voorvaders", published in 1990, and a Dutch translation, "De wraak van het voorgeslacht", appearing in the classic African writers series in the Netherlands in 1999. The novel tells a gripping epic-tragic tale of the conflicting forces of Western education and Xhosa traditional beliefs amongst the “School people” and the “Ochre people” of the Mpondomise people.

After a brief stint as Senior Lecturer in Bantu Languages at the Fort Hare University College, beginning 1944, Jordan was appointed Senior Lecturer in African Languages at the University of Cape Town in 1946. He worked in that capacity until September 1961.

While at UCT he began a new method of teaching Xhosa to non-mother tongue speakers, which he published as A Practical Course In Xhosa (1966). One of the eminent South African scholars, who studied Xhosa under Jordan’s guidance, was the writer and academic, professor Vernon February. Decades later he still testified to the enormous influence Jordan had on those students, and the inspiring and vital knowledge he imparted about Xhosa culture and language.

Exile

In 1961 Jordan was offered a Carnegie bursary to do research in the United States of America, but was refused a passport by the South African government. As a result of political pressure, Jordan was forced to leave South Africa on an exit permit. He settled in America where he was appointed professor in African Languages and Literature at the University of California, Los Angeles and later moved, in similar capacity, to the University of Wisconsin-Madison. In 1968, Jordan died in Madison, after a long illness.

Jordan's other important publications include a book on short stories entitled "Kwezo Mpindo zeTsitsa", published in 1973 as "Tales from Southern Africa", and an important pioneering critical study, entitled "Towards an African Literature: The Emergence of Literary Form in Xhosa" (1972).

For his creative works, his pioneering research and his sustained efforts at preserving and recording in his writing the culture and history of the Xhosa people of the Eastern Cape, the University of Port Elizabeth bestowed an honorary doctorate in literature, posthumously, on Jordan on 24 April 2004. [http://www.info.gov.za/aboutgovt/orders/2005/jordan.htm]

References

"A Life’s Mosaic" Phyllis Ntantala. University of California, Berkeley.