Tallulah Gorge

:"This article refers to the waterfalls and gorge. For the state park, see Tallulah Gorge State Park, for the town, see Tallulah Falls, Georgia, for the lake, see Lake Tallulah Falls and for the river, see Tallulah River."

The Tallulah Gorge is a gorge that is formed by the Tallulah River cutting through the Tallulah Dome rock formation. The gorge is approximately two miles long and features rocky cliffs up to 1,000 feet (304 m) high. Through it, a series of falls known as Tallulah Falls, drop a total of 150 meters or 500 feet in one mile (1.6 km). Tallulah Falls is actually composed of six separate falls: "l'Eau d'Or" (46 ft), "Tempesta" (76 ft), "Hurricane" (the tallest at 96 feet), "Oceana" (50 ft), the smooth "sliding rock" at "Bridal Veil" (17 ft) and "Lovers Leap" (16 ft). The Tallulah Gorge is located next to the town of Tallulah Falls, Georgia. Tallulah Gorge State Park protects much of the gorge and its waterfalls. The gorge is considered to be one of the Seven Natural Wonders of Georgia.

Just above the falls is Lake Tallulah Falls, created in 1913 by a hydroelectric dam built by Georgia Railway and Power (now Georgia Power) in order to run Atlanta's streetcars. The dam still collects and redirects most of the water via a 6,666 foot tunnel sluice or penstock (pipe) around the falls to an electricity generation station downstream that is 608 feet lower than the lake, except for a few days each year. The days when water is released are very popular for recreation, such as kayaking and whitewater rafting.

History

Since the early 1800s, Tallulah Gorge and its waterfalls have been a tourist attraction. In 1882, Tallulah Falls Railway was built, increasing the accessibility of the area to tourists from Atlanta and south Georgia, and the gorge became North Georgia's first tourist attraction. Resort hotels and bars sprung up to serve the tourist trade, which, after the addition of the railway, swelled to as many as 2,000 people on Sunday alone. In 1883, tightrope walker Professor Leon crossed the gorge as part of publicity stunt for one hotel. On July 18, 1970, Karl Wallenda became the second man to walk across the gorge on a tightrope.

In the 1910s, Georgia Railway and Power began building dams on the river. The town of Burton, Georgia was purchased and flooded as Lake Burton in 1919. Many area residents opposed the dams, including the widow of Confederate general James Longstreet, Helen Dortch Longstreet, who led a campaign in 1911 to have Tallulah Gorge protected by the state. The Georgia Assembly was unable to raise the $1 million dollars required to purchase the gorge. Although her campaign was not successful, it was one of the first conservation movements in Georgia. When the dam was completed in 1913, the roar of the Tallulah Falls (the roar could be heard for miles from the gorge) was quieted, and tourism dwindled. It was not until 1993 that the Tallulah Gorge State Park was created by Georgia governor Zell Miller in cooperation with Georgia Power.

Although tourism promoters in the late 1800s described the word Tallulah as meaning "thundering waters" in Cherokee, it actually has no meaning in that language. The most likely source of the word is the Okonee ("a branch of the Creek Indians") word talula, which means "town." The Okonee People occupied northeastern Georgia and northwestern South Carolina for hundreds of years prior to the arrival of the Cherokees in the early 1700s.

Additional photographs

Tallulah Falls in popular culture

*The 1972 movie Deliverance, starring Burt Reynolds and Jon Voight, had some scenes filmed in the gorge.
*The opening credits of the 1976 film Grizzly were filmed flying through the gorge, and several establishing shots were shot in one of the gift shops on the gorge rim.
*The area is mentioned in comedian Tim Wilson's song "George Is On My Mind (The George Song)", possibly because its name is close to being "George" and because Wilson is actually from Georgia.

Geology and ecology

Tallulah Dome is a rock formation caused by the double folding of the Earth's crust during the formation of Pangaea, about 500 to 250 million years ago. The dome is made up of mostly quartzite along with schist ref|Botanical.

Because of the variation in sunlight, shade, and moisture caused by the steep cliffs, several different ecosystems exist in and around the canyon-like gorge ref|Botanical. The Persistent Trillium, an endangered species of trillium, grows in this river basin and only few other parts of the South Carolina / Georgia area.

References

*Edwards, Leslie. "Tallulah Gorge Article." Georgia Botanical Society. Accessed January 20, 2006.
* [http://www.gabotsoc.org/articleTallulahgorge.htm Georgia Botanical Society-Home Page ]
* [http://www.co.habersham.ga.us/general/recreation/gorgeous_falls.php "Gorge-ous Tallulah Falls" on the Habersham County Website]
* [http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-949 "Tallulah Falls and Gorge," New Georgia Encyclopedia]
* [http://www.tallulahfalls.org/academics/academics.asp Tallulah Falls School Website]
* [http://ngeorgia.com/parks/tallulah.html "Tallulah Gorge State Park", About North Georgia]

External links

* [http://www.damonledet.com/photos/northgeorgia2007/ Pictures of Tallulah Gorge]
* [http://www.topoquest.com/map.asp?lat=34.73464&lon=-83.38538&datum=nad27&u=4&layer=DRG&size=l&s=25 TopoQuest Map of Tallulah Gorge]