Supermarine Stranraer

Infobox Aircraft
name = Stranraer
type = Flying boat
manufacturer = Supermarine



caption =
designer = R. J. Mitchell
first flight =24 July 1934
introduced = 1937
retired = 1957 (civilian use)
status =
primary user = RAF
more users = RCAF
produced =
number built = 57
unit cost =
variants with their own articles =
developed from = Supermarine Scapa

The Supermarine Stranraer was a 1930s British flying boat designed and built by Supermarine Aviation Works which marked the end of biplane flying-boat development for the Royal Air Force. They entered operations in 1937 and many were still in service at the outbreak of the Second World War undertaking anti-submarine and convoy escort patrols. They were withdrawn from operational service in March 1941 but continued to serve in a training capacity until October 1942.

Design and development

Designed by R. J. Mitchell as a tender to Air Ministry R.24/31 Specification for a coastal reconnaissance flying boat for the RAF, it was initially turned down but Supermarine proceeded with the type as a private venture first known as the Southampton V. A contract was placed in 1933 for a prototype powered by two 820 hp Bristol Pegasus IIIM and the type became known as the Stranraer.

The structure was mainly duralumin, with the hull covered with sheet metal and the wings with fabric.

Following the initial flight-test programme, the Stranraer prototype ("K3973") on 24 October 1934 was delivered to the RAF. On 29 August 1935, an initial order was placed for 17 aircraft (serial numbers "K7287" to "K7303") to the production specification 17/35. The production version was fitted with the 920 hp Pegasus X and first flew in December 1936, entering service operations on 16 April 1937; the last Stranraer was delivered 3 April 1939. An additional order for six aircraft ("K9676" to "K9681") was placed in May 1936, but subsequently cancelled. A total of 40 Stranraers were built in Canada by Canadian Vickers Limited; Supermarine and Canadian Vickers being subsidiaries of Vickers-Armstrongs.

Operational history

In service, only 17 Stranraers were operated by the RAF 1937-1941 primarily by No. 228, No, 209, No. 240 Squadrons along with limited numbers at the No. 4 OTU. Generally, the aircraft was not well-received as its performance was considered marginal. [Morgan 2001, pp. 58–59.]

Due to its less than favourable reception by flight and ground crews, the Stranraer gained a large number of derisive nicknames. It was sometimes referred to as a "whistling shithouse" because the toilet opened out directly to the air and when the seat was lifted, the airflow caused the toilet to whistle. The Stranraer also acquired "Flying Meccano Set," "The Marpole Bridge," "Seymour Seine Net," "Strainer," "Flying Centre Section of the Lion's Gate Bridge" as well as a more genteel variant of its usual nickname, "Whistling Birdcage." [Septer 2001, p. 60.]

Royal Canadian Air Force Stranraers were exact equivalents of their RAF counterparts and while they were employed in coastal patrol against submarine threats in a similar role to the British Stranraers, no enemy action was recorded. [Septer 2001, pp. 60–61.] The Canadian Vickers-built Stranraers Served with the RCAF until 1946. Thirteen examples were sold through Crown Assets (Canadian government) and passed into civilian use after the war, several serving with Queen Charlotte Airlines (QCA) in British Columbia and operated until 1957. A re-engine project by the airline substituted 1,000 hp Wright GR-1820-G202GA engines in place of the original Pegasus units. In QCA use, the Stranraer gained a more suitable reputation and was "well liked" by its crews. [Septer 2001, pp. 62–63.] A total of eight surplus Stranraers were also sold to Aero Transport Ltd. of Tampa, Florida. [Septer 2001, p. 62.]

Operators

Military

;
*Royal Canadian Air Force; UK
* Royal Air Force
** No. 201 Squadron RAF
** No. 209 Squadron RAF
** No. 210 Squadron RAF
** No. 228 Squadron RAF
** No. 240 Squadron RAF

Civilian

* Aero Transport Ltd. (United States)
* Queen Charlotte Airlines (Canada)

pecifications (Stranraer)

Aircraft specification

plane or copter?=plane
jet or prop?=prop
ref="Database: Supermarine Stranraer." [Morgan 2001, pp. 54, 56.]
crew=6-7
capacity=
length main=54 ft 9 in
length alt=16.7 m
span main=85 ft 0 in
span alt=25.9 m
height main=21 ft 9 in
height alt=6.6 m
area main=1,457 ft²
area alt=135.4 m²
empty weight main=11,250 lb
empty weight alt=5,100 kg
loaded weight main=19,000 lb
loaded weight alt=8,620 kg
max takeoff weight main=
max takeoff weight alt=
more general=
engine (prop)=Bristol Pegasus X
type of prop=radial engines
number of props=2
power main=920 hp
power alt=685 kW
max speed main=165 mph
max speed alt=265 km/h
max speed more=at 6,000 ft (1,830 m)
range main=1,000 mi
range alt=1,610 km
ceiling main=18,500 ft
ceiling alt=5,640 m
climb rate main=1,350 ft/min
climb rate alt=6.8 m/s
loading main=13 lb/ft²
loading alt=63.7 kg/m²
power/mass main=0.097 hp/lb
power/mass alt=159 W/kg
more performance=
armament=
* 3 × 0.303 in (7.7 mm) Lewis guns
* 1,000 lb (454 kg) of bombs or depth charges

ee also

Aircontent
related =
similar aircraft =
* Saro London
lists =
* RAF aircraft

References

Notes

Bibliography

* Andrews, C.F. and E.B. Morgan. "Supermarine Aircraft Since 1914". London: Putnam Books Ltd., 2nd revised edition 2003. ISBN 0-851-77800-3.
* Kightly, James and Roger Wallsgrove. "Supermarine Walrus & Stranraer". Sandomierz, Poland/Redbourn, UK: Mushroom Model Publications, 2004. ISBN 83-917178-9-5.
* Morgan, Eric. "Database: Supermarine Stranraer." "Aeroplane" , Volume 29, no. 4, issue 235, April 2001.
* Septer, Dirk. "Canada's Stranraers." "Aeroplane" , Volume 29, no. 4, issue 235, April 2001.
* Taylor, John W.R. "Supermarine Stranraer." "Combat Aircraft of the World from 1909 to the present". New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1969. ISBN 0-425-03633-2.
* Thetford, Owen. "British Naval Aircraft Since 1912, Fourth Edition". London: Putnam, 1978. ISBN 0-370-30021-1.

External links

* [http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/london/collections/aircraft/supermarine-stranraer.cfm Royal Air Force Museum: Supermarine Stranraer]
* [http://www.airforce.forces.gc.ca/site/equip/historical/stranraerlst_e.asp Canada's Air Force: Supermarine Stranraer]