Kishon River

Kishon River

Geobox River
name =Kishon River
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country = Israel
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district = Haifa District
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city = Haifa
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mouth_name = Mediterranean Sea
mouth_location =Haifa
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mouth_country = Israel
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map_caption = Kishon River is a river in Israel that flows into the Mediterranean Sea at the city of Haifa.

Considered the most polluted river in Israel, it has been the subject of controversy regarding the struggle to improve the water quality.

The pollution stems in part from daily contamination for over 40 years with mercury, other heavy metals, and organic chemicals by nearby chemical plants.

It is often claimed todayFact|date=August 2007 that there are more chemicals than water in the river, and that washing ones hands in this river can cause severe chemical burns. [Citation |last=Andersson |first=Hilary |title=The Holy Land's poisonous river |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/941317.stm |accessdate=2007-08-28] On several occasions this river (or rather, patches of petrochemical waste on it) has caught fire from the chemical contaminants. Below Histadrut Bridge (Highway 4Verify source|date=August 2007), after passing the petrochemical industries zone, the pH was 3 or below for most of the time in 2001.

Since 2001, it was discovered that Shayetet 13 veterans had high occurrence of cancer, probably due to training in the polluted Kishon River and Haifa Bay. A commission for investigating the matter didn't find statistical evidencesFact|date=August 2007 that the diving in the Kishon caused the cancer. However, Minister of Defence, Shaul Mofaz, decided to compensate the divers' families in spite of the commission findings.

A 2002 study found the ability of 3 hours' exposure to Kishon River water to induce DNA damage in rainbow trout liver cells to be on average threefold that of unpolluted water. Notably the lower Kishon [Below the petrochemical industry zone, see Avishai "et al." (2002)] had a markedly elevated genotoxic potential.

A 2000 analysis of the river water revealed

Footnotes

References

* (2002): Genotoxicity of the Kishon River, Israel: the application of an in vitro cellular assay. "Mutation Research" 518(1): 21–37. doi|10.1016/S1383-5718(02)00069-4 (HTML abstract)

External links

* [http://www.iued.org.il/page.aspx?pid=48&cid=0&menu=18 Israel Union for Environmental Defense: Kishon River]
* [http://archive.greenpeace.org/majordomo/index-press-releases/1998/msg00280.html Greenpeace Press Release on Kishon River]
* [http://www.zalul.org/en/category.asp?cid=176 Zalul Environmental Association: Campaign for the Kishon]


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