National Assembly of Hungary

National Assembly Országgyűlés Diet
Type
Type	Unicameral
Leadership
Speaker	László Kövér, Fidesz since 6 August 2010
Deputy Speakers	Sándor Lezsák, Fidesz István Jakab, Fidesz János Latorcai, KDNP István Ujhelyi, MSZP Zoltán Balczó, Jobbik
Structure
Members	386
Political groups	Government Coalition      Fidesz (227)      Christian Democratic People's (36) Opposition parties      Socialist Party (48)      Jobbik (46)      Politics Can Be Different (15)      Independent (14)
Elections
Voting system	176 by constituency 210 by regional and national party list
Last election	11 & 25 April 2010
Meeting place
Hungarian Parliament Building Lajos Kossuth Square 1 Budapest, H-1055 Hungary
Website
National Assembly

Hungary

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Hungary

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The National Assembly or Diet (Hungarian: Országgyűlés) is the parliament of Hungary. The unicameral body consists of 386 members elected to 4-year terms. Election of members is based on a complex system involving both area and list election; parties must win at least 5% of the popular vote in order to enter list members the assembly (but area winners enter regardless). The Assembly includes 25 standing committees to debate and report on introduced bills and to supervise the activities of the ministers. The Constitutional Court of Hungary has the right to challenge legislation on the grounds of constitutionality. The assembly has met in the Hungarian Parliament Building in Budapest since 1902.

History

The history of the Hungarian legislative goes back to the 15th century Diet of Hungary, which was also called Országgyűlés in Hungarian. Insofar today's parliament can be called "Diet" as well, but uses the term "National Assembly" in English in order to differentiate between today's republican assembly and the one during the monarchy.

Since 2010

At the sixth parliamentary elections, four parties or party alliances passed the minimum threshold: the Hungarian Civic Union (FIDESZ) in alliance with the Christian Democratic People's Party (KDNP) (263 seats in common, 227 for Fidesz and 36 for KDNP). Fidesz-KDNP candidates won enough seats to achieve a two-thirds majority required to modify major laws and the country's constitution. The Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) won 59 seats, while its former coalition party Alliance of Free Democrats (SZDSZ) failed to win any seats and became extra-parliamentary after 20 years. There were two newcomers to the Országgyűlés: Jobbik (47 seats) and Politics Can Be Different (LMP) (16 seats). 1 independent (former Fidesz member Oszkár Molnár) got into the Parliament, winning a constituency (Edelény) in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County.

The other prestigious party, the Hungarian Democratic Forum also lost its any seats.

The heads of the factions are:

• Fidesz: János Lázár
• KDNP: Péter Harrach
• MSZP: Attila Mesterházy
• Jobbik: Gábor Vona
• LMP: András Schiffer

The new parliamentary session hold the inaugural session on 14 May 2010. The President of Fidesz and Prime Minister is Viktor Orbán. Pál Schmitt served as Speaker of the National Assembly until August 2010 when became President of Hungary. He was replaced by László Kövér.

After the 2010 local elections, held on the 3rd of October, Katalin Szili founded the Social Union and became its first chairperson. As a result, she quit the Hungarian Socialist Party and their parliamentarian group. Continuing the parliamentarian work as formally independent MP.^[1] Gábor Ivády left the LMP faction on 21 October 2010. Lajos Pősze was expelled from the Jobbik faction and became independent in December 2010 because of his comments distancing himself from the Hungarian Guard Movement. On 22 October, 2011 Ferenc Gyurcsány and 9 other lawmakers quit the MSZP and its parliamentary group and founded Democratic Coalition. The new party will not be allowed to form a new party faction until the spring after leaving the Socialist Party faction, parliament’s Constitutional and Procedural Committee decided on 7 November 2011. According the parliamentary rules, any parliamentarian that leaves or is expelled from a party faction must sit as an independent candidate for six months before joining another faction.^[2]

2006-2010 Parliament

At parliamentary elections in 2006, four parties or party alliances passed the minimum threshold: the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) (190 seats), the coalition party Alliance of Free Democrats (SZDSZ) (20 seats), the Hungarian Civic Union (FIDESZ) in alliance with the Christian Democratic People's Party (KDNP) (164 seats in common, 141 for Fidesz and 23 for KDNP), and the Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF) (11 seats) and 1 independent (István Gyenesei) got into the Parliament, winning a constituency in Somogy county.

The heads of the factions were:

• MSZP: Ildikó Lendvai (2006-2009), Attila Mesterházy (2009-2010)
• Fidesz: Tibor Navracsics
• KDNP: Zsolt Semjén
• SZDSZ: Gábor Kuncze (2006-2007), János Kóka (2007-2010).
• MDF: Károly Herényi (2006-2009). The faction of MDF broke up in 2009.

The head of the allied faction FIDESZ-KDNP was Viktor Orbán. The head of the minority government (since 2008, when SZDSZ left the coalition) was Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány then Gordon Bajnai. The speaker of the Assembly was Katalin Szili (2006-2009) then Béla Katona (2009-2010) of the MSZP.

Speakers of the National Assembly of Hungary

Main article: List of Speakers of the National Assembly of Hungary

Latest election

e • d Summary of the 25 April 2010 National Assembly (Országgyűlés) elections

Parties	Individual votes	Regional votes	Total votes	%	Fragmentary votes	Constituency seats	Regional seats	National list seats	Total seats
Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Union (Fidesz – Magyar Polgári Szövetség)	620,232	2,706,292	3,326,524	52.73	135,592	173	87	3	263
Hungarian Socialist Party (Magyar Szocialista Párt, MSZP)	326,361	990,428	1,316,789	19.30	1,221,523	2	28	29	59
Movement for a Better Hungary (Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom)	141,415	855,436	996,851	16.67	925,252	0	26	21	47
Politics Can Be Different (Lehet Más a Politika)	43,437	383,876	427,313	7.48	471,305	0	5	11	16
Total	1,152,693	5,132,531	6,285,224	96.18	2,753,672	176	146	64	386
Source:[3][4]

2010 election

e • d Summary of the 11 April and 25 April 2010 National Assembly (Országgyűlés) elections

Parties	List Votes	%	Constituencies 1st round	%	Constituencies 2nd round	%	Seats
Hungarian Socialist Party (Magyar Szocialista Párt, MSZP)	990.428	19.3	1.088.374	21.3	326.361	28.3	59
Jobbik - The Movement for a Better Hungary (Jobbik Magyarországért mozgalom)	855.436	16.7	836.774	16.3	141.415	12.3	47
Fidesz-KDNP Fidesz (Fidesz - Magyar Polgári Szövetség) Christian Democratic People's Party (Kereszténydemokrata Néppárt, KDNP)	2.706.292	52.7	2.743.626	53.6	629.028	54.6	263
Politics Can Be Different (Lehet Más A Politika,LMP)	383.876	7.5	259.220	5.06	43.437	3.7	16
Independent (Független)	0	0	33.702	0.06	12.452	0.1	1
Total	5,408,050	100.0	5,403,691	100.0	3,239,752	100.0	386
Source: Valasztas.hu

Elections from 1990 to 2006

References

1. ^ Szili Katalin kilépett az MSZP-frakcióból
2. ^ Parliamentary committee tells Gyurcsány to wait until April to form new faction
3. ^ "View of Parliament (2nd round)". Valasztas.hu. http://www.valasztas.hu/dyn/pv10/outroot/vdin2/en/l50.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-12. 
4. ^ "TOPLIST (2nd round)". Valasztas.hu. http://www.valasztas.hu/dyn/pv10/outroot/vdin2/en/l22x.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-12. 

External links

• (English) Official website
• (Hungarian) Official website

Coordinates: 47°30′26″N 19°02′45″E / 47.50722°N 19.04583°E / 47.50722; 19.04583