Carl Jess

Infobox Military Person
name= Carl Herman Jess
lived= 16 February 1884 - Death date and age|1948|6|16|1884|2|16|df=yes
placeofbirth= Bendigo, Victoria
placeofdeath= Melbourne, Victoria


caption= Official Portrait of Lieutenant General Carl Jess
nickname=
allegiance= Australian Army
serviceyears= 1899-1946
rank= Lieutenant General
commands= 10th Infantry Brigade
2nd Brigade
unit=
battles= World War I
*Gallipoli Campaign
*Western Front
*Battle of Pozieres
World War II
awards= Companion of the Order of the Bath
Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George
Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Distinguished Service Order
Mention in Despatches (3)
laterwork=
Lieutenant General Sir Carl Herman Jess CB, CMG, CBE, DSO (16 February 1884 - 16 June 1948) was an Australian Army Lieutenant General who served in World War I and World War II.

Early life and career

Carl Herman Jess was born on 16 February 1884 in the city of Bendigo, Victoria, one of nine children of George Jess, a master German painter. He was educated at Violet Street State School in Bendigo, where he was also a teacher from 1899 to 1906.

In 1899, Jess joined the First Victorian Volunteer Cadets, rising to the rank of sergeant. In February 1902, he enlisted in the 5th Battalion of the Victorian Infantry, again rising quickly through the enlisted ranks to lance corporal and then in 1903, lance sergeant and then sergeant in 1904. On 7 June 1906, he resigned from the militia and the Victorian Education Department in order to take up a position with the permanent forces.

On 8 June 1906 Jess joined the Administrate and Instructional Staff as a staff sergeant and was promoted to sergeant major on 1 January 1907. On 1 July 1909, he was commissioned as a full lieutenant. On 1 January 1911 he was sent to New South Wales as brigade major of the 5th Infantry Brigade with the rank of temporary captain, the rank became permanent on 1 July 1912. While there, he studied the Diploma of Military Science at the University of Sydney. He returned to Victoria as brigade major of the 15th Infantry Brigade. On 13 December 1911 he became staff officer in charge of administering the Universal Training scheme in Victoria. Then on 1 July 1914, he became Deputy Assistant Adjutants General of the 4th Military District (South Australia).

World War I

On the outbreak of World War I, Jess was involved in the mobilisation of the Australian Military Force (AMF) in South Australia, and then of the preparation of the South Australian contingent, the 10th Infantry Battalion and the 2nd Squadron, 3rd Light Horse Regiment. He joined the First Australian Imperial Force himself in Melbourne on 23 September 1914, having been selected for the post of staff captain with the 4th Infantry Brigade by Colonel Monash.

Jess landed at Anzac Cove on 25 April 1915 and served throughout the campaign. He became brigade major of the 2nd Brigade on 23 May 1915 with the rank of major, serving with distinction in the front line, most notably alongside Lieutenant Colonel Bennett in the attack on the German Officers' Trench on 7 August 1915. For his service at Gallipoli, he was Mentioned in Despatches.

Jess returned to Egypt on 7 January 1916. On 28 February 1916 he was given command of the 7th Battalion, and was promoted to lieutenant colonel on 12 March 1916. At Pozieres in July 1916 he again distinguished himself as a frontline leader, for this he was twice Mentioned in Despatches and awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) on 1 January 1917.

On 19 November 1916 Jess was appointed first commandant of the I Anzac Corps School but on 27 November he was recalled to temporarily command 2nd Brigade. From 13 March 1917 to 8 September 1917, he was an instructor at the School for Commanding Officers at Aldershot, England, the first Australian officer to hold such an appointment.

On 8 September 1917, Jess was appointed the task of GSO2 at I Anzac Corps Headquarters. Then on 7 January 1918 he became GSO1 at 2nd Division Headquarters. On 20 January 1918, he transferred to the 3rd Division Headquarters. Jess was promoted to major in the AMF on 1 January 1918, lieutenant colonel on 3 June 1918, colonel and temporary brigadier general on 7 October 1918, taking over the 10th Infantry Brigade. For his service on the Western Front in the final year of war, he was again mentioned in despatches and appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 1919 New Year's List.

Jess took over the AIF Training Depot at Codford, England in March 1919 and in July, he became Commandant of the AIF Administrative Headquarters in London. Jess replaced Monash as Director General of Repatriation, and then Birdwood as General Officer Commanding AIF, he finally completed the AIF's affairs overseas in January 1920. For this work, he was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE).

Between the wars

On termination of his AIF appointment on 21 January 1920, Jess reverted to his permanent rank of lieutenant colonel. Instead of returning to Australia, he attended the Staff College at Camberley. He finally returned to Australia in February 1921.

Jess became a staff officer with the 4th Division in May 1921. In 1925, he became Commandant of the 6th Military District (Tasmania). He was promoted to full colonel in 1926 and became commandant of the 5th Military District (Western Australia) in August 1927. He was promoted to brigadier in January 1929 and was aide de camp to the Governor General from 1931 to 1935. Jess was involved in organising the centennial celebrations in Western Australia and then in 1933 in Victoria. For this he was created a knight bachelor in the 1935 New Year's List.

In December 1934, Jess was appointed Adjutant General, and became a member of the Military Board. He was promoted to the rank of major general in July 1935. In August 1938 Jess was informed that he would be forcibly retired.

World War II

With the outbreak of the Second World War Jess's fortunes changes and instead of being forcibly retired he was promoted to lieutenant general on 12 December 1939. As Adjutant General, Jess had been appointed chairman of the Department of Defence's Manpower Committee in September 1938 but because of his workload in increasing the size of the militia, he relinquished this post to Major General Blamey . When Blamey was appointed to command the 6th Division in September 1939, Jess transferred from Adjutant General to this post. His work was recognised when he was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in June 1940.

Jess retained the post until March 1944. He became Director of Women's National Services in 1943 and organised the Australian Women's Land Army. With a strength of over 3,000, this organisation employed women on jobs in rural Australia.

After leaving the Department of Labour and National Service in March 1944, Jess became involved in a survey and classification of Army records, compiling a report of the activities of the AMF from 1929 to 1939. His work was unfinished when he went on sick leave in July 1945. On 1 April 1946 he was placed on the retired list due to invalidity. He died at the Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital in Melbourne on 16 June 1948 and was cremated with full military honours.

Today Jess' water colours of 19th and 20th century Australian and British military uniforms are in the Australian War Memorial in Canberra, while his hand carved and painted models of military figures at the Royal Military College, Duntroon.

See also

* List of Australian Generals

External links

* [http://www.unsw.adfa.edu.au/%7Ermallett/Generals/index.html Carl Jess Biography] in "General Officers of the First AIF"