Fairlie Branch

The Fairlie Branch (also known as the Eversley Branch) was a branch line railway in southern Canterbury that formed part of New Zealand's national railway network. Construction began in 1874, and at its furthest extent, it terminated just beyond Fairlie in Eversley. Its closure came in 1968, but a portion remains open in Pleasant Point as the Pleasant Point Museum and Railway.

Construction

Proposed in the early 1870s, the local government voted in favour of a branch line from Timaru to Pleasant Point in December 1872 and a construction contract was let in the following March. After a railway act approving the line was passed later in 1873, construction could commence, and it did so on 18 February 1874. The branch left the Main South Line in Washdyke, now a northern suburb of Timaru, and headed northwest towards Pleasant Point. Construction of this 14.42 km of railway proceeded without any notable difficulties, opening for service on 24 December 1875 - though trains had been able to run to Pleasant Point as early as two months previously.David Leitch and Brian Scott, "Exploring New Zealand's Ghost Railways", revised edition (Wellington: Grantham House, 1998 [1995] ), 77-8.] An extension followed swiftly, and the 27 km addition to Albury opened on 1 January 1877."New Zealand Railway and Tramway Atlas", fourth edition, edited by John Yonge (Essex: Quail Map Company, 1993), 24.]

After this point, however, construction stalled. On 13 August 1880, the Timaru Chamber of Commerce passed a resolution to pressure the government to call tenders for construction of the remainder of the line. [http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&srpos=15&cl=search&d=NOT18800814.2.12.1&e=-------en--11----0Fairlie+railway-all "Timaru"] , "North Otago Times" 28(2558) [14 August 1880] : 2.] This was followed by a public meeting in Fairlie on 25 March 1882 that issued the same demand on the government, asserting that the line to Albury was the best paying in New Zealand and an extension would provide more convenient access to much of the freight then conveyed to the Albury terminus. [http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&srpos=19&cl=search&d=NOT18820327.2.10.3&e=-------en--11----0Fairlie+railway-all "Timaru"] , "North Otago Times", 28(3020) [27 March 1882] : 2.] Contracts were soon let, and the next 12 km to Winscombe were opened on 24 August 1883. Less than half a year later, the final portion of the line was opened for general traffic to the locale of Eversley, just beyond Fairlie, on 28 January 1884, giving the branch a full length of 58.2 km. [http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=THD18840131.1.3&cl=&e=-------en--1----0-all "Opening of the Railway to Fairlie Creek"] , "Timaru Herald" (31 January 1884): 3.] Geoffrey B. Churchman and Tony Hurst, "The Railways of New Zealand: A Journey Through History" (Auckland: HarperCollins, 1991), 185.] Some sources, including Railways Department publications, incorrectly state this happened on 9 January 1884.For example, see New Zealand Railways Department, "Geographical Mileage Table" (New Zealand Railways Department: Place of publication within New Zealand unknown, 1957), 19. The previously cited "New Zealand Railway and Tramway Atlas" also offers the incorrect date.] The opening of the line was celebrated on 30 January 1884 by a public holiday in Fairlie and environs, and an excursion train ran from Timaru conveying 600-700 passengers for the occasion. This train was double-headed by K 88 "Washington" and a member of the F class, and it consisted of a guard's van and 14 carriages, some of which were brought down from Christchurch the previous morning to cater for the anticipated large crowd. [http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&srpos=3&cl=search&d=WCT18840131.2.10&e=08-01-1844-28-02-1884--en--1----0Fairlie+railway-all "Timaru"] , "West Coast Times" 4531 (31 January 1884): 2.]

There were plans to extend the branch even further to Burkes Pass and the Mackenzie Country. 27 kilometres of formation were made to varying standards of completion, but ultimately no rails were laid and the line's furthest terminus remained Eversley.Leitch and Scott, "Exploring New Zealand's Ghost Railways", 78.]

Stations

The following stations were located on the Fairlie Branch (in brackets is the distance from Washdyke):

* Racecourse (?? km)
* Cartwright's Road Crossing (?? km)
* Levels (5.91 km)
* Waitawa (approximately 10 km)
* Pleasant Point (14.42 km)
* Sutherlands (21.89 km)
* Cave (29.89 km)
* Ma Waro (35.38 km)
* Albury (41.18 km)
* Tengawai (approximately 42 km)
* Cricklewood (47.73 km)
* Winscombe (52.75 km)
* Fairlie (56.89 km), known as Fairlie Creek until a name change was approved on 9 May 1892
* Eversley (58.2 km)

The Fairlie station was destroyed by fire on at least two occasions, first on 13 January 1890United Press Association, [http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&srpos=5&cl=search&d=EP18900113.2.17&e=-------en--1----0Fairlie+railway-all "A Railway Station Burnt Down"] , "Evening Post" 39(10) [13 January 1890] : 2.] and again on the night of 8 August 1908. [http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&srpos=4&cl=search&d=HNS19080810.2.62.2&e=-------en--1----0Fairlie+railway-all "Railway Station Destroyed"] , "Hawera and Normanby Star" 53 (10 August 1908): 8.] [http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&srpos=1&cl=search&d=OW19080826.2.212.2&e=-------en--1----0Fairlie+railway-all "Untitled photographs of station fire"] , "Otago Witness", 2811 (26 August 1908): 48.] After the 1908 fire, the post and telegraph office formerly based at Fairlie station was housed in a temporary building; this too was burnt down in a suspected act of arson on the morning of 20 September 1908. [Press Association, [http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&srpos=12&cl=search&d=EP19080921.2.81&e=-------en--11----0Fairlie+railway-all "Serious Fire at Fairlie"] , "Evening Post" 76(71) [21 September 1908] : 7.]

Operation

The line's reason for existence was to open up farmland in the region behind Timaru and promote rural development. When opened to Pleasant Point, two trains ran each way a day, and while the line had its terminus in Albury, significant traffic was generated by wool and grain being carried by dray to the station from regions further inland. Upon opening to Fairlie, the line's timetable was initially adjusted to the pattern typical of many rural New Zealand branch lines, with a single mixed train carrying both passengers and freight running each way per day. Special freight trains ran as necessary, especially to collect livestock from Pleasant Point. For a period, the line also had its own dedicated passenger train, nicknamed the "Fairlie Flyer", but it perhaps did not live up to its fast-sounding name; by the late 1920s, it was quicker to travel by car between Fairlie and Timaru, which resulted in a decline of traffic that led to the train's cancellation in 1930. From this time, passengers were solely catered for by the daily mixed train.

The line had also started making a loss around this period, and on 1 April 1934, the short section from Fairlie to Eversley was closed. It had always been operated as an extension of the Fairlie yard and its existence had become redundant. The rest of the line entered into a slow demise, with passenger services cut to thrice weekly in 1953; the mixed train operated Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, with solely freight carried on Tuesdays and Thursdays. On 2 November 1953, passenger provisions were cancelled entirely and all services became freight only. With the cessation of the mixed trains, the small locomotive depot in Fairlie closed and the freight trains were operated every weekday morning from Timaru. Intense competition from road posed problems for the line, and what traffic it did retain was mainly due to government subsidies. Despite this, by 1966, the livestock traffic that had been the line's primary cargo was all but non-existent and the decision was soon made to close the line. The date of closure was 2 March 1968 and the occasion was marked by a special return of the Fairlie Flyer, attracting large crowds of locals.Leitch and Scott, "Exploring New Zealand's Ghost Railways", 79.]

The branch today

Remnants of closed railway lines diminish and disappear as a result of natural and human activity, but some relics from the Fairlie Branch's operating days still exist, most notably the 2.5 km of restored trackage still in use by the Pleasant Point Museum and Railway. At Washdyke, the first few hundred metres of the branch were retained as a backshunt and to provide access to an industrial siding, and the track currently remains in place. For much of the line's length from Timaru to Fairlie, the formation can be seen making its way through the rolling countryside, and abutments and piles still stand at the site of some bridges. One bridge itself still stands, near Winscombe. Loading banks still exist at the site of Levels, Waitawa, Sutherlands, and Cave stations. Levels also still possesses its goods shed and Waitawa has the remnants of a platform, and water vat foundations remain in Levels and Tengawai. Beyond Eversley, the formation that was constructed but never used can still be seen and is particularly clear near Kimbell.Leitch and Scott, "Exploring New Zealand's Ghost Railways", 79-80.]

References