Gammarus pulex

Gammarus pulex
A population of G. pulex
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Crustacea
Class:	Malacostraca
Order:	Amphipoda
Family:	Gammaridae
Genus:	Gammarus
Species:	G. pulex
Binomial name
Gammarus pulex (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
Cancer pulex Linnaeus, 1758 Rivulogammarus pulex (Linnaeus, 1758) [nom. inval.]

Gammarus pulex is a species of amphipod crustacean found in fresh water across Eurasia. It is a greyish animal, growing to 21 mm (0.83 in) long.

Description

Adult males of Gammarus pulex may reach a total length of 21 millimetres (0.83 in), while females only grow to 14 mm (0.55 in).^[1] The adults have a robust appearance; they are typically greyish with markings in dark brown or green.^[1]

Distribution

G. pulex is found across Eurasia from eastern Siberia in the east to the British Isles in the west.^[2] It is absent from Norway, parts of Scotland, and Ireland,^[2] although it was introduced to Lough Neagh in the 1950s, where it is replacing the native Gammarus duebeni.^[3] In Great Britain, G. pulex is one of only two native species of Gammarus, the other being Gammarus lacustris of Scottish lochs.^[4]

Taxonomic history

External identifiers for Gammarus pulex
EOL	344717
ITIS	206451
NCBI	52641
WoRMS	234074

Gammarus pulex was one of the species included in the 10th edition of Carl Linnaeus' Systema Naturae, which marks the starting point for zoological nomenclature, in 1758. Linnaeus called the species Cancer pulex, the specific epithet pulex being Latin for "flea". His description was, however, vague, and could apply to "nearly every species of amphipod".^[1] Some of Linnaeus' references refer to freshwater species, while others refer to marine species. The application of the name was settled in 1970 by the redescription of the species and the selection of a neotype from a stream on the Swedish island of Öland.^[1]

The name Rivulogammarus has been used for a part of the genus Gammarus when it is split into smaller genera, and G. pulex has sometimes been called Rivulogammarus pulex. This name is, however, invalid under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, since G. pulex is the type species of the genus Gammarus, and the genus that contains it must therefore be named Gammarus.^[5]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d} S. Pinkster (1970). "Redescription of Gammarus pulex (Linnaeus, 1758) based on neotype material (Amphipoda)". Crustaceana 18 (2): 177–186. doi:10.1163/156854070X00798. JSTOR 20101677. 
2. ^ ^{a b} David M. Holdich & Manfred Pöckl (2007). "Invasive crustaceans in European inland waters". In Francesca Gherardi. Biological Invaders in Inland Waters: Profiles, Distribution and Threats. Volume 2 of Invading Nature. Springer. pp. 29–76. ISBN 9781402060281. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RNfRJvCXbe4C&pg=PA39. 
3. ^ C. E. Carter & P. M. Murphy (1993). "The macroinvertebarate fauna of Lough Neagh". In R. B. Wood & R. V. Smith. Lough Neagh: the ecology of a multipurpose water resource. Volume 69 of Monographiae Biologicae. Springer. pp. 339–367. ISBN 9780792321125. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=01Qb0J-0gxQC&pg=PA339. 
4. ^ "Gammarus pulex". Teifi Rivers Invertebrate Monitors. http://www.riverfly.co.uk/interesting.htm. Retrieved October 12, 2010. 
5. ^ Jan Hendrik Stock (1969). "Rivulogammarus, an amphipod name that must be rejected". Crustaceana 17 (1): 106–107. doi:10.1163/156854069X00105.