- Architecture of Montreal
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A panorama ofPlace d'Armes inOld Montreal
] The architecture ofMontreal ,Quebec ,Canada is characterized by the juxtaposition of the old and the new and a wide variety of architectural styles, the legacy of two successive colonizations by the French, the British, and the close presence of thearchitecture of theUnited States to the south. Much likeQuebec City , the city of Montreal had fortifications, but they were destroyed between 1804 and 1817.For over a
century and a half, Montreal was the industrial and financial centre ofCanada . The variety ofbuildings includedfactories ,elevators ,warehouses ,mills , andrefineries which today provide a legacy of historic and architectural interest, especially in the downtown area and inOld Montreal . Many historical buildings in Old Montreal still in their original form, notably the impressive 19th century headquarters of all major Canadian banks onSaint Jacques Street (formerly known as Saint James Street).From the
Art Deco period, Montreal offers a handful of notable examples.Ernest Cormier 'sUniversité de Montréal main building located on the northern side ofMount Royal and theAldred Building atPlace d'Armes , an historic square in Old Montreal.In fact, Place d'Armes, shown in panorama above, is surrounded by buildings representing several major periods in Montreal architecture: the
Gothic Revival Notre-Dame Basilica ; New York Life Building, Montréal's first high-rise; the Pantheon-like Bank of Montreal head office, Canada's first bank; the aforementioned Aldred Building. [cite web |url=http://www.arch.mcgill.ca/prof/sijpkes/arch304/winter2001/cszasz/aldred/aldred.htm |title=Montreal's Original Skyscraper: The Aldred Building |accessdate=2008-03-03 |last=Szasz |first=Colin |date=2000-12-11 |work=McGill School of Architecture] (1931) and the International style500 Place D'Armes . [cite web |url=http://www.vieux.montreal.qc.ca/inventaire/fiches/fiche_bat.php?sec=p&num=11 |title=La Place d'Armes |accessdate=2008-03-20 |work=Old Montreal Web site]Church architecture
Originally founded as a
Roman Catholic French colony and nicknamed "la ville aux cent clochers" ("the city of a hundred belltowers"), Montreal is renowned for its churches.The city has four
Roman Catholic basilica s:Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral ,Notre-Dame Basilica , St. Patrick's Basilica, andSaint Joseph's Oratory . The Oratory is the largest church in Canada, with the largest dome of its kind in the world after that ofSaint Peter's Basilica inRome . Other well-known churches includeNotre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours Chapel , which is sometimes called the Sailors' Church.Following the British victory in the
Seven Years War , manyprotestant immigrants came to the city from theEngland ,Scotland ,Ireland and theUnited States . This led to various Protestant churches being built to accommodate the growing community. The two most notable of these are the Saint James United Church and theAnglican Christ Church Cathedral, which was suspended above an excavated pit during the construction of thePromenades Cathédrale mall, part of Montreal's Underground City.kyscrapers
Skyscraper construction in Montreal has swung between periods of intense activity and prolonged lulls. A two-year period from 1962 to 1964 saw the completion of four of Montreal's ten tallest buildings:
Tour de la Bourse ,I. M. Pei 's landmark cruciformPlace Ville-Marie , theCIBC Building andCIL House . Its tallest buildings, the 51-storey1000 de La Gauchetière and the 47-storey1250 René-Lévesque , were both completed in 1992.Montreal places height-limits on skyscrapers so that they do not exceed the height of
Mount Royal . [cite web |url=http://spacingmontreal.ca/2008/03/06/skyline-planning/ |title=Skyline Planning |accessdate=2008-04-25 |last=Heffez |first=Alanah |date=2008-03-06 |work=Spacing Montreal] The city forbids any building from reaching an elevation higher than or 223 metres above mean sea level. Above-ground height is further limited in most areas and only a few downtown land plots are allowed to exceed 120 metres in height. The limit is currently attained by 1000 de La Gauchetière and 1250 René-Lévesque, the latter of which is shorter, but built on higher ground. The only way to reach higher than 1000 de La Gauchetière while respecting this limit would be to build on the lowest part of downtown near Tour de la Bourse; the maximum height there would be approximately 210 metres.Expo 67
Pavilions designed for the 1967 International and Universal Exposition, popularly known as
Expo 67 , featured a wide range of architectural designs. Though most pavilions were temporary structures, several remaining structures have become Montreal landmarks, including thegeodesic dome US Pavilion, now theMontreal Biosphère , as well asMoshe Safdie 's strikingHabitat 67 apartment complex.Montreal Metro
In terms of modern architecture, the
Montreal Metro is filled with a profusion of public artwork by some of the biggest names in Quebec culture. In addition, the design and ornamentation of each station in the Metro system is unique, much like theStockholm Metro and theMoscow Metro .Other notable structures
Other significant works of modern architecture in Montreal include the
Brutalist Place Bonaventure , the world's largest building when it was completed in 1968,Ludwig Mies van der Rohe 'sWestmount Square andRoger Taillibert 's controversial Olympic Stadium, which incorporates the world's tallestinclined tower , at 175 metres.Montreal architects
Pierre Boulva and Jacques David completed a number of modernist landmarks in the 1960s, including thePalais de justice de Montréal , 500 Place d'Armes, Théâtre Maisonneuve, theDow Planetarium and the Place-des-Arts, Atwater and Lucien-L'Allier metro stations. [cite web |url=http://www.imtl.org/montreal/architecte_montreal.php?architect=David_et_Boulva |title=Montréal's Architects: David et Boulva |accessdate=2008-03-21 |format=HTML |work=Images Montréal ] [cite web |url=http://www.bomacanada.ca/docs/AWARDS_2007_Finalists.pdf |title=2007 BOMA Canada National Awards Finalists |accessdate=2008-03-21 |format=PDF |work=Building Owners and Managers Association of Canada ]In 2006, the city was recognized by the international design community as a UNESCO City of Design, one of the three world design capitals. [cite web|title=Cities appointed to the Creative Cities Network|publisher=UNESCO|url=http://portal0.unesco.org/culture/admin/ev.php?URL_ID=27810&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC|accessdate=2007-11-22]
ee also
*
List of old Montreal buildings
*List of Quebec architects
*Canadian Centre for Architecture
*Culture of Montreal
*Ernest Cormier
*Percy Erskine Nobbs
*Architecture of Quebec City External links
* [http://www.patrimoine-religieux.qc.ca/ Québec Religious Heritage Foundation]
* [http://www.heritagemontreal.qc.ca/ Héritage Montréal]References
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