USS Salem (CA-139)

The third USS "Salem" (CA-139) is a "Des Moines"-class heavy cruiser, formerly commissioned in the United States Navy. The world's last all-gun heavy cruiser to enter commission, she is currently open to the public as a museum ship in Quincy, Massachusetts.

Construction and shakedown

"Salem" was laid down on 4 July 1945 by the Bethlehem Steel Co.'s Fore River Shipyard, Quincy, Mass.; launched on 25 March 1947; sponsored by Miss Mary G. Coffey; and commissioned on 14 May 1949, Captain J. C. Daniel in command. Her main battery held the world's first automatic 8" guns and were the first to use cased ammunition instead of shell and bag loading.

After a visit to Salem, Mass., on 4 July 1949, "Salem" underwent three months of shakedown at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, between July and October 1949, followed by post-shakedown repairs at the Boston Navy Yard. She then made two cruises to Guantanamo in November and December 1949, and participated in maneuvers with the Atlantic Fleet in early 1950.

Naval service

"Salem" departed the east coast on 3 May 1950; and, on 17 May, relieved "Newport News" (CA-148) as flagship of the 6th Fleet in the Mediterranean. During this, the first of seven deployments to the Mediterranean as fleet flagship, "Salem" visited ports in Malta, Italy, France, Greece, Turkey, Lebanon, and Algeria, and participated in training exercises. On 22 September, she was relieved by "Newport News" and returned to the United States.

After three weeks at Boston, "Salem" joined the Atlantic Fleet for maneuvers; and, on 3 January 1951, sailed for six weeks of intensive gunnery training at Guantanamo. She completed her training off Bermuda; and, on 20 March, sailed for the Mediterranean to relieve "Newport News" as 6th Fleet flagship. On 19 September, she was relieved by "Des Moines" (CA-134) and returned to the United States for four months of overhaul at Boston.

"Salem" sailed on 1 February 1952 for refresher training at Guantanamo and returned to Boston on 29 March for brief repairs. On 19 April, she sailed for her third Mediterranean deployment, relieving "Newport News" at Algiers on 28 April. Besides the normal port calls and exercises, "Salem" participated in Exercise "Beehive II," which involved units of the United States, British, Italian, French, and Greek navies. She was relieved once again by "Des Moines" on 29 September and arrived at Boston on 9 October.

After four months of local operations, "Salem" sailed for Guantanamo Bay on 24 January 1953 for training. Returning to Boston on 27 February, she sailed for the Mediterranean on 17 April and again relieved "Newport News" as flagship. Her fourth deployment was marked by Exercise "Weldfest" and by emergency relief work after an earthquake devastated the Ionian Islands. "Salem" was the first American ship to arrive on the scene, and provided relief supplies and assistance from 13 August until her own stocks ran low four days later. Relieved by "Des Moines" as flagship on 9 October, she returned to Boston on 24 October and entered the shipyard for overhaul.

On 6 February 1954, "Salem" sailed again for Guantanamo Bay and returned on 7 April after refresher training. She left Boston on 30 April; and, on arrival in the Mediterranean on 12 May, again assumed duties as 6th Fleet flagship. Relieved by "Des Moines" at Lisbon on 22 September, she returned to Boston on 29 September. In October and November 1954, she participated in war games with the Atlantic Fleet.

Between 19 January and 22 February 1955, "Salem" made her annual cruise to Guantanamo Bay for training. After a two-week reserve training cruise, the cruiser sailed for the Mediterranean on 2 May and relieved "Newport News" on 19 May. During this, her sixth deployment, she participated in a NATO exercise and a Franco-American naval exercise, with Under Secretary of the Navy Thomas S. Gates embarked as observer. "Salem" departed Barcelona on 23 September and returned to Boston on 2 October 1955 for a four-month overhaul.

The cruiser left Boston on 16 February 1956 for training at Guantanamo in preparation for a 20-month cruise as "permanent" flagship of the Commander, 6th Fleet with homeport at Villefranche-sur-Mer. She returned to Boston on 5 April and sailed for the Mediterranean on 1 May. While she was at sea, the Suez Crisis broke out; and she was diverted to Rhodes in the Eastern Mediterranean where she joined the fleet on 14 May and assumed her flagship duties. She remained in the eastern Mediterranean until mid-June and returned when fighting broke out on 30 October. In April and August 1957, the 6th Fleet, by its presence in the eastern Mediterranean, twice showed United States support for the government of Jordan threatened by subversion. The cruiser departed the Mediterranean on 26 June 1958 and arrived at Norfolk on 4 July.

Later uses

"Salem" was also used to portray the German pocket Battleship "Admiral Graf Spee" in the 1956 film "The Battle of the River Plate", although the original German ship had a single triple gun turret placed forward of the superstructure where the "Salem" has two triple gun turrets forward of its superstructure. The original hull number of the "Salem", 139, is also clearly visible in many exterior shots of "Salem". This was explained away in the movie by the historic fact that the ship's carpenters often camouflaged "Graf Spee" to resemble foreign vessels.

"Salem" was scheduled for inactivation after her return from the Mediterranean, but the request of Lebanon on 15 August 1958 for aid against an anticipated coup led to a short reprieve for the cruiser. "Salem" had relieved "Northampton" (CLC-1) on 11 August as flagship of Commander, 2nd Fleet; and, on 2 September, she departed Norfolk, visited Augusta Bay and Barcelona during a ten-day cruise in the Mediterranean, and returned to Norfolk on 30 September. She reported to the Norfolk Navy Yard on 7 October for inactivation, disembarked the Commander of the 2d Fleet on 25 October, and was decommissioned on 30 January 1959. She was stored as part of the Atlantic Reserve Fleet at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard.

Museum ship

In October 1994, "Salem" was returned to her birthplace in Quincy, Massachusetts where she is now a museum ship as part of the United States Naval Shipbuilding Museum. "Salem" also houses the USS "Newport News" Museum, The US Navy Cruiser Sailors Association Museum, and the US Navy Seals Exhibit room.

See also

External links

* [http://www.uss-salem.org/ United States Naval and Shipbuilding Museum]
* [http://www.navsource.org/archives/04/04139.htm www.navsource.org: USS "Salem"]
* [http://junobeach.cs.uwaterloo.ca/~warren/images/salem/index.html USS "Salem" Pictures]
* [http://www.hnsa.org/ships/salem.htm HNSA Ship Page: "Salem"]