Jáchal River

The Jáchal River is a river in the province of San Juan, Argentina. It is part of the Desaguadero River basin, and one of the most important permanent watercourses in the province, with an average flow of 9 m³/s. It is born from the confluence of the Río de la Palca and the Blanco River, in the northwest of San Juan.

From its origin, the Jáchal flows south for 75 km, up to a ravine in the pre-Andean range, in a place called Cuesta del Viento. There it turns eastward towards the city of Jáchal, flowing for 40 km along a steep gorge. Upon reaching Jáchal, the river turns south again for 40 km, and then northeast-southeast, passing by the towns of Tucunuco and Mogna. It then flows 100 km and empties into the upper Desaguadero River (here known as Bermejo).

The Jáchal River is fed primarily by snow thaw, rainfall being only a minor contribution in this semi-arid region. Its drainage basin covers an area of 34,232 km², or around 23,000 km² if considered up to Cuesta del Viento.

The river is dammed in two points:
* The Cuesta del Viento Dam, 40 km from Jáchal, has a maximum volume of 136 million m³. It is used to regulate and direct the flow for irrigation, and long-delayed works are in progress to finish a hydroelectric power station.
* The Salto de la Loma hydroelectric plant, 4 km northwest of Jáchal, employs a 40 m high fall and has an installed power of about 1,200 kW.

Contamination issues

The Jáchal is the most important natural source of water for domestic, agricultural and industrial use in its valley, but the quality of its waters is not considered good in normal conditions, due to a high mineralization, especially salts and boron content. The latter has been found in concentrations of 2.8 parts per million (0.7 ppm are considered the upper limit for sensitive crops such as the grapevine).

In the early 2000s, Barrick Gold Corporation, a Canadian enterprise, started a gold extraction project in the San Juan Andean ranges. Residents of San Juan protested against the project, claiming that the cyanide process will pollute the upper courses of the Jáchal and San Juan rivers. In an interview in February 2006, the governor of San Juan, José Luis Gioja, denied the possibility of such damage.

References

* [http://www2.medioambiente.gov.ar/sian/subrechid/search.asp?data=53 CUENCAS HIDRICAS SUPERFICIALES DE LA REPUBLICA ARGENTINA] .
* Secretaría de Minería de la Nación. [http://www.mineria.gov.ar/ambiente/estudios/irn/snjuan/g-41a.asp Provincia de San Juan - Recursos hídricos] .
* INTA. [http://www.inta.gov.ar/region/mesa/actualidad/nota_41.htm Conferencia Internacional sobre Boro en la EEA San Juan] .
* La Nación. 26 February 2006. [http://www.lanacion.com.ar/784018 "Gioja: "Es imposible que se pueda contaminar"."]
* Fundación para la defensa del ambiente (FUNAM). [http://www.funam.org.ar/barrick.htm "Chile: crudo e inédito debate parlamentario sobre minera Barrick y proyecto Pascua Lama."]
* CuyoNoticias. [http://cuyonoticias.com.ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=165&Itemid=109 "Manifestación en contra empresa minera internacional."]