Jacob Bekenstein

Infobox_Scientist
name = Jacob Bekenstein


image_width = 240
caption = Jacob Bekenstein at Harvard
birth_date = birth date and age|1947|5|1
birth_place = flagicon|MEX Mexico City, Mexico
death_date =
death_place =
residence = Jerusalem, Israel
citizenship =
nationality =
ethnicity =
field = Theoretical physics
work_institution = Hebrew University of Jerusalem
alma_mater = Polytechnic University of New York
doctoral_advisor = John Wheeler
doctoral_students =
known_for = Black Hole Thermodynamics
author_abbreviation_bot =
author_abbreviation_zoo =
prizes = Rothschild Prize in Physics
Israel National Prize
religion = Jewish
footnotes =

Jacob David Bekenstein (born May 1, 1947) is a physicist who has contributed to the foundation of black hole thermodynamics and to other aspects of the connections between information and gravitation. He was born in Mexico City, Mexico. He is Polak Professor of Theoretical Physics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, a member of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities and of The World Jewish Academy of Sciences, and a recipient of the Rothschild Prize in Physics and of the Israel National Prize.

Education

Bekenstein received his undergraduate education in the Polytechnic University in Brooklyn, New York. He received his PhD from Princeton University in 1972, supervised by John Wheeler.

Major contributions to physics

In 1972, Bekenstein was the first to suggest that black holes should have a well-defined entropy. Bekenstein also formulated the generalized second law of thermodynamics, black hole thermodynamics, for systems including black holes. Both contributions were affirmed when Stephen Hawking proposed the existence of Hawking radiation two years later.

Based on his black-hole thermodynamics work, Bekenstein also demonstrated the Bekenstein bound: there is a maximum to the amount of information that can potentially be stored in a given volume, and that this maximum is proportional to the area that bounds this volume and "not" to the volume itself (related to the holographic principle).

In 1982, Bekenstein was the first person to develop a rigorous framework to generalize the laws of electromagnetism to handle inconstant physical constants. His framework replaces the fine structure constant by a scalar field. However, this framework for changing constants did not incorporate gravity.

In 2004, Bekenstein greatly boosted Mordehai Milgrom’s theory of Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) by developing a relativistic version. It is known as TeVeS for Tensor/Vector/Scalar and it introduces three different fields in space time to replace the one gravitational field.

ee also

* Bekenstein bound
* Black hole thermodynamics

References

* J. D. Bekenstein, "Information in the Holographic Universe". Scientific American, Volume 289, Number 2, August 2003, p. 61.
* J. D. Bekenstein and M. Schiffer, "Quantum Limitations on the Storage and Transmission of Information", [http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0311050 Int. J. of Modern Physics 1:355-422 (1990)] .
* J. D. Bekenstein, "Entropy content and information flow in systems with limited energy", [http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v37/i9/p3437_1 Phys. Rev. D 30:1669-1679 (1984)] . [citeseer]
* J. D. Bekenstein, "Communication and energy", [http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v37/i9/p3437_1 Phys. Rev A 37(9):3437-3449 (1988)] . [citeseer]
* J. D. Bekenstein, "Black holes and the second law", Nuovo Cimento Letters 4:737-740 (1972).
* J. D. Bekenstein, "Entropy bounds and the second law for black holes", [http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRD/v49/i4/p1912_1 Phys. Rev. D 27(10):2262-2270 (1983)] . [citeseer]
* J. D. Bekenstein, "Specific entropy and the sign of the energy", [http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRD/v26/i4/p950_1 Phys. Rev. D 26(4):950-953 (1982)] . [citeseer]
* J. D. Bekenstein, "Black holes and everyday physics", [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1982GReGr..14..355B&db_key=PHY&data_type=HTML&format= General Relativity and Gravitation, 14(4):355-359 (1982)] . [citeseer]
* J. D. Bekenstein, "Universal upper bound to entropy-to-energy ratio for bounded systems", [http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRD/v23/i2/p287_1 Phys. Rev. D 23:287-298 (1981)] . [citeseer]
* J. D. Bekenstein, "Energy cost of information transfer", [http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v46/i10/p623_1 Phys. Rev. Lett 46:623-626. (1981)] . [citeseer]
* J. D. Bekenstein, "Black-hole thermodynamics," Physics Today, 24-31 (Jan. 1980).
* J. D. Bekenstein, "Statistical black hole thermodynamics", [http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRD/v12/i10/p3077_1 Phys. Rev. D12:3077- (1975)] . [citeseer]
* J. D. Bekenstein, "Generalized second law of thermodynamics in black hole physics", [http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRD/v9/i12/p3292_1 Phys. Rev. D 9:3292-3300 (1974)] . [citeseer]
* J. D. Bekenstein, "Black holes and entropy", [http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRD/v7/i8/p2333_1 Phys. Rev. D 7:2333-2346 (1973)] . [citeseer]
* J. D. Bekenstein, "Nonexistence of baryon number of static black holes", ii. [http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRD/v5/i6/p1239_1 Phys. Rev. D 5:2403-2412 (1972)] . [citeseer]
* [http://arxiv.org/find/quant-ph/1/au:+Bekenstein_J/0/1/0/all/0/1 Bekenstein's papers list at ArXiv] with links to the full papers.