Raymond Collishaw

Infobox Military Person
name= Raymond Collishaw


caption= Raymond Collishaw in the cockpit c.1917
born= 22 November 1893
died= 28 September 1976
placeofbirth= Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
placeofdeath= West Vancouver, British Columbia
nickname=
allegiance= United Kingdom
branch= Royal Naval Air Service
Royal Air Force
serviceyears= 1915 - 1943
rank= Air Vice Marshal
commands= No. 14 Group
No. 5 Wing
RAF Upper Heyford
RAF Bircham Newton
No. 23 Squadron
No. 41 Squadron
No. 30 Squadron
battles= World War I
Russian Civil War
World War II
awards= Companion of the Order of the Bath
Distinguished Service Order & Bar
Officer of the Order of the British Empire
Distinguished Service Cross
Distinguished Flying Cross
Mention in Despatches (4)
relations=
laterwork=

Air Vice Marshal Raymond Collishaw CB, DSO & Bar, OBE, DSC, DFC, RAF (22 November 1893 - 28 September 1976) was a Canadian aviator who served in the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) and later the Royal Air Force. He was the highest scoring RNAS flying ace and the second highest scoring Canadian pilot of the First World War. As a member of the RAF during the Second World War, he commanded No. 204 Group (which later became the Desert Air Force) in North Africa.

Early life

Raymond Collishaw was born at Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada on 22 November 1893. His father was Edward Collishaw. He joined the Canadian Fisheries Protection Services as a cabin boy at the age of 15. As a sailor, he was onboard the "Alcedo" when it sailed into the Arctic Circle in search of the Stefansson expedition. Unfortunately, for the expedition, they were too late to rescue the "Karluk". By 1915, he had worked his way up to first officer.Constable, Miles. [http://www.constable.ca/colishaw.htm "Raymond Collishaw Biography."] Canadian Air Aces and Heroes, 2007. Retrieved: 20 March 2008.]

First World War

Toward the end of 1915, Collishaw joined the Royal Naval Air Service. He qualified as a pilot in January 1916. He spent months patrolling the British coast then, on 2 August 1916, he joined the RNAS's 3rd Wing which was operating in France. He helped escort the wing's bombers until 1 February 1917 when he transferred to No. 3 Naval Squadron. In April he transferred to No. 10 Naval Squadron.

He commanded the famous "Black Flight" of No. 10 Naval Squadron. This unit, all Canadian and flying Sopwith Triplanes with black trim, claimed 87 German aircraft destroyed or driven down in three months. He was the first Commonwealth pilot to claim six victories in one day, (6 July 1917). There have been claims that Collishaw shot down German ace Karl Allmenröder, but this has been disputed.

In August, Collishaw returned to Canada for two months leave. Due to the Navy's secrecy about its pilots, there was no publicity of Collishaw's visit and he was able to travel about anonymously. On his return, he was given command of No. 13 Naval Squadron, which was operating from Dunkirk. On 23 January 1918, he was given command of No. 3 Naval Squadron. On 1 April, the RNAS and the RFC merged and 3 Naval became No. 203 Squadron Royal Air Force. Collishaw remained in command with the new rank of major.During the First World War, Collishaw was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, [LondonGazette|issue=30194|date=20 July 1917|startpage=4|supp=yes|accessdaymonth=23 July|accessyear=2008] the Distinguished Flying Cross, [LondonGazette|issue=30827|date=2 August 1918|startpage=3|supp=yes|accessdaymonth=23 July|accessyear=2008] the Distinguished Service Order [LondonGazette|issue=30227|date=10 August 1917|startpage=4|supp=yes|accessdaymonth=23 July|accessyear=2008] with bar [LondonGazette|issue=30913|date=20 September 1918|startpage=1|supp=yes|accessdaymonth=23 July|accessyear=2008] and the French Croix de Guerre. [LondonGazette|issue=30029|date=20 April 1917|startpage=3|supp=yes|accessdaymonth=23 July|accessyear=2008] He scored 60 victories, consisting 28 and one shared "destroyed", 28 and two shared "out of control" and one "driven down."

Collishaw had quite a few close escapes during the war. He was shot down several times and once nearly landed at an enemy aerodrome in heavy fog – his wheels having touched the ground before he realised his mistake. On another occasion, his goggles were shattered by enemy fire. He once had his controls disabled by German machine gun fire and had to ride out the flight until the aircraft crash-landed – luckily near the British front trenches.

Russia 1919

Collishaw was in England working on the formation of the Royal Canadian Air Force when the Armistice was signed. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel during this time. He took some leave in Canada in December before returning to England. He was planning on attempting to fly across the Atlantic using a long range bomber but his plans were interrupted by events.

The decision was made to send a squadron to help General Denikin's White Russian forces in the Russian Civil War and Collishaw was chosen to be in command. This campaign initially went well but eventually turned into a retreat then a rout during which the squadron was withdrawn. Collishaw added another victory to his total during this conflict, as well as managing to sink an enemy gunboat with a bomb dropped from his Sopwith Camel.

Middle East

After 47 Squadron was withdrawn from Russia, Collishaw was sent to Egypt to command 84 Squadron. The squadron was moved to Persia, which was made a British protectorate after the war, to defend against the Russians. In the 1921 New Year's Honours List, Collishaw was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire.

econd World War

During the Second World War, Collishaw attained the rank of Air Vice Marshal following distinguished service commanding the No. 204 Group in North Africa; he was awarded a Companion of the Order of the Bath during this time. [LondonGazette|issue=35094|date=4 March 1941|startpage=1303|accessdaymonth=23 July|accessyear=2008] He was then posted as AOC No. 14 Group RAF in the north of Scotland. He retired, involuntarily, from the RAF in July 1943 and spent the rest of the war as the Civil Defence Regional Air Liaison Officer.

Later years and legacy

His memoirs were titled "Air Command, A Fighting Pilot's Story" and were published in 1973.

Collishaw died on 28 September 1976 in West Vancouver, British Columbia at the age of 82.

In recent years, there has been debate over whether his kills had been understated, due to the Royal Naval Air Service receiving less credit than the Royal Flying Corps. Some historians credit him with 81 (unofficial) kills, which would place him at the top of First World War flying aces, ahead of the "Red Baron" and top British Empire ace Billy Bishop. If the application of stricter victory verification was applied, however, his score would invariably be considerably less (as with all RAF, RFC and RNAS aces' scores in the First World War).

Royal Canadian Air Cadets 205 Collishaw squadron, named after him, is in his home town of Nanaimo. [ [http://www.cadets.ca/directory-repertoire/local_e.asp?pr=10&urb=Nanaimo] Cadets Canada Unit Directory]

On 2 October 1999, the terminal at Nanaimo Airport was named the Nanaimo-Collishaw Air Terminal in his honour. [ [http://www.airhighways.com/nanaimo_collishaw.htm Nanaimo, British Columbia Airport Terminal named for Canadian War Ace] Air Highways Magazine Online]

ee also

* Sopwith Triplane

References

Notes

Bibliography

* Collishaw, Raymond and R.V. Dodds. "Air Command: A Fighter Pilot’s Story". London: Kimber, 1973.
* McCaffrey, Dan. "Air aces: The Lives and Times of Twelve Canadian Fighter Pilots". Toronto: J. Lorimer, 1990. ISBN 1-55028-095-3.

External links

* [http://bcoy1cpb.pacdat.net/raymond_collishaw.htm Letters written by AVM Collishaw to Colin MacGregor Stevens 1967-1968]
* [http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/canada/collishaw.php Collishaw biography]
* [http://www.constable.ca/colishaw.htm An excellent, in-depth and thorough biography of Collishaw]
* [http://www.constable.ca/colishaw.htm Collishaw in the Second World War]
* [http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/Collishaw.htm Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation - AVM R Collishaw]

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