Joseph Martin (Canadian politician)

Infobox_Premier
name = Joseph Martin


caption = "Fighting" Joe Martin
order = 13th Premier of British Columbia
term_start = February 29, 1900
term_end = June 15, 1900
predecessor = Charles Semlin
successor = James Dunsmuir
birth_date = September 24, 1852
birth_place = Milton, Ontario
death_date = March 2, 1923 age 70
death_place = Vancouver, British Columbia
party = None|

Joseph Martin (September 24, 1852 – March 2, 1923) was a lawyer and politician in Manitoba, Canada, British Columbia and the United Kingdom often referred to as "Fighting Joe".

Early life

Born in Milton, Ontario, the son of Edward Martin, a former Reeve, and Mary Ann Fleming, Martin was educated at the Milton public school, the Toronto Normal School and University of Toronto. He was a telegraph operator and afterwards obtained a First-class Teacher's certificate, and was appointed Principal of the public school in New Edinburgh, Ontario. He studied law in Ottawa and moved to Portage La Prairie, Manitoba in 1882. He was called to the Bar of Manitoba in 1882. [cite book|last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |editor=William Cochrane|others= |title=The Canadian album: men of Canada, Volume III|origdate= |origyear=1894|origmonth= |url=http://www.archive.org/details/canadianalbummen03cochuoft|format=PDF|accessdate= |accessyear= |accessmonth= |edition= |series= |date= |year= |month= |publisher=Bradley, Garretson & Co.|location=Brantford, Ontario|pages=page 30]

Political career

Manitoba

He was first elected as the member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba for the Portage La Prairie riding in 1883 and served as Attorney-General in the government of Thomas Greenway. In 1890, he initiated legislation to end French language instruction and support for Catholic separate schools, prompting the Manitoba Schools Question crisis.

Canada

Martin ran unsuccessfully as a Liberal candidate in the 1891 election to become the Member of Parliament for Selkirk. When Sir Hugh Macdonald resigned his Winnipeg seat, Martin ran in the 1893 by-election and won by acclamation. He lost the seat to Macdonald when they both ran for re-election in Selkirk in the 1896 election. He later ran in the 1908 election as an Independent in the Vancouver City riding but was not elected.

British Columbia

After his defeat in Manitoba, Martin [Ormsby, 320-325] left for British Columbia to settle in Vancouver. He arrived at a time of booming prosperity. He took up the practice of law and became a substantial property owner.

Martin was first elected to the British Columbia Legislative Assembly in 1898 election in the multi-member Vancouver City riding. The election was inconclusive. With increased representation for mainland ridings and a shift in popular support from the Turner government, a government of special interests, railway industrialists, coal barons, lumber and fishing capitalists, Turner's support fell to 17 of 38 seats. Lieutenant-Governor Thomas R. McInnes dismissed Turner on August 8, 1898 without allowing him the constitutional right to meet the legislature. Instead he turned to former premier Robert Beaven, even though he had been defeated in the election, to form a government. He was unable to do so, and McInnes then turned to Charles Semlin to form a government. Semlin took office as premier and chose Martin as his Attorney-General.

During the two year Semlin government, Martin produced controversy by introducing measures such as an eight-hour work day (opposed by mine owners) and an Alien Exclusion Act to prevent Chinese from owning mining claims. The federal government, at the instance of American interests, took steps to disallow the legislation. During a controversial public meeting about the issue, Martin breached cabinet solidarity and criticized his own government resulting in a request from Premier Semlin for Martin's resignation. Semlin reconstituted his ministries and met the legislature facing strong opposition from Martin, often requiring the Speaker of the house to break ties by using his casting vote. On February 27, 1900 McInnes dismissed Semlin and, the following day, asked Martin to form a government. The result was a vote of non-confidence by the house which carried by a majority of 28 to 1. Nevertheless, Martin formed a cabinet and governed for three months before going to the polls in the 1900 election. Although hard fought, Martin had only 13 supporters elected. The Semlin faction had even fewer at 6 and Semlin was defeated personally. Following the election, Prime Minister Laurier dismissed McInnes and appointed Sir Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière lieutenant-governor. The legislature was able to agree to support James Dunsmuir to lead a government. Martin served in the opposition until he was defeated in the 1903 election, the first in British Columbia organized on party lines.

In 1907, he founded the "Vancouver Guardian" newspaper. After his return from England, he ran in the 1920 election in Vancouver as an Independent under the banner of the Asiatic Exclusion League. He was defeated and lost his deposit.

Martin, who died of complications from diabetes in March 1923, was the first person in Vancouver to be treated with insulin [Morton, 240] .

United Kingdom

He moved to the United Kingdom where he won a seat in the British House of Commons as a Liberal Member of Parliament for St Pancras East. He served from 1910 until 1918.

In December 1911, Winston Churchill, then the First Lord of the Admiralty, had announced to the House of Commons that the British fleet was ready for war. Martin fiercely attacked the Admiralty over the grounding of the warship "Niobe" "only to be completely and unceremoniously silenced by a biting answer from the First Lord." [Morton, 220-222]

He was also a candidate for mayor of Vancouver in 1914 and founded another newspaper there in 1916.

ources

*cite book
author = Margaret A. Ormsby
title = British Columbia: A History
publisher = MacMillan: Vancouver
year = 1958
id =
*cite book
author = James Morton
title = In the Sea of Sterile Mountains: The Chinese in British Columbia
publisher = J.J. Douglas: Vancouver
year = 1974
id =

References

External links

* [http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/people/key/bio.asp?Language=E&query=13982&s= Federal Political Experience]
* [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0005131 Canadian Encyclopedia]
*DictCanbio|ID=8270

Persondata
NAME = Martin, Joseph
ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Martin, Joe
SHORT DESCRIPTION = Manitoba, BC, Canada, Vancouver and UK Politician, Lawyer and Newspaper Publisher
DATE OF BIRTH = September 24, 1852
PLACE OF BIRTH = Milton, Canada West
DATE OF DEATH = March 2, 1923
PLACE OF DEATH = Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada