Joseph Gilbert Hamilton

Joseph Gilbert Hamilton

Infobox Scientist
name = PAGENAME
box_width =



image_size =200px
caption =Joseph G. Hamilton drinking a radioactive sodium solution in 1939.
birth_date = 11 November 1907
birth_place =
death_date = 18 February 1957)
death_place =
residence = |citizenship =
nationality = United States
ethnicity =
field = physics
work_institutions = Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
alma_mater = University of California
doctoral_advisor =
doctoral_students =
known_for = medical effects of exposure to radioactive isotopes
author_abbrev_bot =|author_abbrev_zoo =
influences =
influenced =
prizes =
religion = |footnotes = |

Joseph Gilbert Hamilton (11 November 1907 – 18 February 1957) was an American professor of Medical Physics, Experimental Medicine, General Medicine, and Experimental Radiology as well as director (1948-1957) of the Crocker Laboratory, part of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Hamilton studied the medical effects of exposure to radioactive isotopes and he pioneered their use in the treatment and diagnosis of disease. He was married with the painter Leah Hamilton.

Hamilton received his B.S. in Chemistry in 1929 from the University of California. He studied medicine in Berkeley, and he interned at the University of California Hospital, San Francisco. He was awarded his M.D. degree in 1936. The cyclotron in Berkeley was then producing useful amounts of radioactive isotopes, and even before he received his degree, Hamilton became interested in their effects on living tissue. In a series of papers published in 1937 he detailed early medical trials using radiosodium, followed by papers detailing the use of the radioactive isotopes of potassium, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Radioactive iodine was found to be particularly useful in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disorders.

Hamilton’s studies of isotope retention in humans, especially of radioactive strontium and the transuranic elements, were the principal source for the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission’s estimates of tolerance limits of these substances. As part of the Manhattan Project in 1944 he and his research team began studies on the effect of plutonium on humans. In trials conducted 1945-1946, plutonium was injected in humans both healthy and those with cancer. The trials were terminated by the Atomic Energy Commission in 1950.

Hamilton died at the age of 49 of radiation induced leukemia.

References


* [http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/pubs/00326640.pdf Moss, William & Eckhardt, Roger (1995) "The Human Plutonium Injection Experiments", Los Alamos Science 23, 177-233] ;
* Welsome, Eileen (1999) "The plutonium files: America's Secret Medical Experiments in the Cold War" Dial press, New York. ISBN 0-385-31402-7 ;
*cite journal
quotes = yes
year=1972|month=Jul.
title=James Gilbert Murdoch Hamilton
journal=Lancet
volume=2
issue=7769
pages=189-90
publisher= |location = ENGLAND| issn = 0140-6736| pmid = 4114093
bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =

*cite journal
quotes = yes
last=LAWRENCE
first=E O
authorlink=
coauthors=GARRISON W M
year=1957|month=Aug.
title=J.G. Hamilton, medical physicist and physician
journal=Science
volume=126
issue=3268
pages=294
publisher= |location =| issn = 0036-8075| pmid = 13454816
bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =

External links

* [http://dynaweb.oac.cdlib.org:8088/dynaweb/uchist/public/inmemoriam/inmemoriam1959/@Generic__BookTextView/503;pt=554 “In Memoriam: Joseph Gilbert Hamilton” University of California 1959] ;
* [http://www.eh.doe.gov/ohre/roadmap/histories/0457/0457toc.html#Joe “Joe Hamilton's Cavalier Approach to Radiation” comments by Dr. John W. Gofman, December 20, 1994] ;
* [http://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/asa/stama/stama_aus/news/2-doe.htm “The Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory's Archives and Records Office's Role in the US Department of Energy's Human Radiation Experiment Records Search and Retrieval Project” by Lori L. Hefner "STAMA Australia Newsletter" No. 2, September 1995] ;


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно сделать НИР?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Joseph Gilbert Hamilton — (* 11. November 1907; † 18. Februar 1957) war Physiker und Mediziner an der Physikalischen Fakultät der Universität von Kalifornien, die der Kernphysiker Ernest Lawrence leitete. Er war mit der Malerin Leah Hamilton verheiratet. Hamilton trinkt… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Joseph Hamilton — or Joe Hamilton may refer to:* Joseph Gilbert Hamilton (1907 1957), American professor of medical physics and experimental medicine * Joe Hamilton (producer) (1929 1991), American television producer; once married to comedienne Carol Burnett *… …   Wikipedia

  • Hamilton (Familienname) — Hamilton ist ein englischer Familienname. Herkunft und Bedeutung Der Name ist vom Ortsnamen Hamilton abgeleitet, also ein Herkunftsname. Bekannte Namensträger Inhaltsverzeichnis A B C D E F G H I J K L M …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Gilbert and Sullivan — refers to the Victorian era partnership of librettist W. S. Gilbert (1836–1911) and composer Arthur Sullivan (1842–1900). Together, they wrote fourteen comic operas between 1871 and 1896, of which H.M.S. Pinafore , The Pirates of Penzance , and… …   Wikipedia

  • Joseph H. Millard — Joseph Hopkins Millard Joseph Hopkins Millard (* 20. April 1836 in Hamilton, Ontario; † 13. Januar 1922 in Omaha) war ein Bankier und in der Zeit von 1901 bis 1907 US Senator für den Staat Nebraska …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Joseph Millard — Joseph Hopkins Millard Joseph Hopkins Millard (* 20. April 1836 in Hamilton, Ontario; † 13. Januar 1922 in Omaha) war ein Bankier und in der Zeit von 1901 bis 1907 US Senator für den Staat Nebraska …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Gilbert Emery — Dans Le Petit Lord Fauntleroy (1936) Données clés …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmond, 1. Earl of Minto — Gilbert Elliot Murray Kynynmound, 1. Earl of Minto Gilbert Elliot Murray Kynynmound, 1. Earl of Minto (* 23. April 1751 in Edinburgh; † 21. Juni 1814 in Stevenage) war ein britischer Politiker und Diplomat …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Joseph Vandaele — Joseph Vandaele[1] (* 16. Dezember 1889 in Wattrelos; † 14. Februar 1948 in Amiens) war ein belgischer Radrennfahrer. 1910 belegte Joseph Vandaele bei der Belgien Rundfahrt den zweiten Platz bei den Amateuren. 1911 gewann er diese Rundfahrt in… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Joseph May — est un acteur britannique né le 16 juin 1974 à Southampton (Royaume Uni). Sommaire 1 Biographie 2 Filmographie 3 Récompenses et nominations …   Wikipédia en Français

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”