Elbert Dysart Botts

Dr. Elbert Dysart Botts (January 2, 1893-April 10, 1962) was the California Department of Transportation ("Caltrans") engineer credited with overseeing the research that led to the development of "Botts' dots" and the epoxy used to attach them to the road.

Botts was born in Missouri in 1893 and was a professor of chemistrycite web |url= http://fusionanomaly.net/bottsdots.html |title= Botts Dots |accessdate=2007-04-22 |format= |work= ] at San Jose State College when he was recruited to Caltrans.cite news |first= Steve|last= Rubenstein|authorlink= |coauthors= |title= Caltrans Plots To Erase Lots Of Botts Dots|url= |work= San Francisco Chronicle |publisher= |date= 18 January 1997|accessdate= |page= A13 ]

He is credited with leading the division of the Caltrans research laboratory (Translab) that conducted the initial research into identifying the best shapes and materials for raised pavement markers.cite news |first= Kathryn|last= Cave|authorlink= |coauthors= |title= State lab in fast lane of high-tech road gadgets|url= |work= The Orange County Register |publisher= |date= 21 October 1991|accessdate= |page= A1] Much of the necessary field research was conducted by his team on a new freeway in West Sacramento in the spring of 1955.cite news |first= Mark A.|last= Stein|authorlink= |coauthors= |title= On the Button: The Quest to Perfect Botts' Dots Continues|url= |work= Los Angeles Times |publisher= |date= 11 August 1991|accessdate= |page= A3] Although the initial goal was to improve lane visibility, it was at this point that the tactile feedback provided by the dots was discovered. [cite news |first= Hugo|last= Martin|authorlink= |coauthors= |title= Behind the Wheel: The Botts Dot's Future May Hit a Bump in the Road |url= |work= Los Angeles Times |publisher= |date= 23 October 2001|accessdate= |page= B2]

At Caltrans, Botts dots were developed as a way to address the problem of paint disappearing when under water.cite web |url= http://fusionanomaly.net/bottsdots.html |title= Botts Dots |accessdate=2007-04-22 |format= |work= ]

Botts never lived to see the success of his research. He died in April 1962 and his work on the dots was filed away; it was not even mentioned in his obituary in Translab's internal newsletter.cite news |first= Mark A.|last= Stein|authorlink= |coauthors= |title= On the Button: The Quest to Perfect Botts' Dots Continues|url= |work= Los Angeles Times |publisher= |date= 11 August 1991|accessdate= |page= A3] Two years later, his research was rediscovered when his division (now under the direction of Herbert Rooney) decided to conduct further research into raised pavement markers. At this time, Translab developed the modern pattern of interspersing plastic square reflectors between groups of four round polyester or epoxy dots. This pattern was first tested along Interstate 80 near Vacaville in 1965. To minimize the risk that dots would become coated with rubber scraped off tires, Translab switched to clay round markers in 1966.cite news |first= Mark A.|last= Stein|authorlink= |coauthors= |title= On the Button: The Quest to Perfect Botts' Dots Continues|url= |work= Los Angeles Times |publisher= |date= 11 August 1991|accessdate= |page= A3]

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