Slit-scan photography

The slit-scan photography technique is a photographic and cinematographic process where a moveable slide, into which a slit has been cut, is inserted between the camera and the subject to be photographed.

Slit Scan is also the name of a media business in William Gibson's Idoru.

Use in cinematography

Originally used in static photography to achieve blurriness or deformity, the slit-scan technique was perfected for the creation of spectacular animations. It enables the cinematographer to create a psychedelic flow of colors. Though this type of effect is now often created through computer animation, slit-scan is a mechanical technique. It was adapted for film by Douglas Trumbull during the production of Stanley Kubrick's ' and used extensively in the "stargate" sequence. It requires an imposing machine, capable of moving the camera and its support. This type of effect was revived in other productions, for films and television alike. For instance, slit-scan was used in ' to create the "stretching" of the starship "Enterprise"-D when it engaged warp drive. Due to the expense and difficulty of this technique, the same three warp-entry shots, all created by Industrial Light and Magic for the series pilot, were reused throughout the series virtually every time the ship went into warp. Slit-scan was also used, by Bernard Lodge, to create the "Doctor Who" title sequences from December 1973 to 1980.

Description

Slit-scan is an animation created image by image. Its principle is based upon the camera’s relative movement in relation to a light source, combined with a long exposure time. The process is as follows:

#An abstract colored design is painted on a transparent support
#This support is set down on the glass of a backlighting table and covered with an opaque masking into which one or more slits have been carved.
#The camera (placed high on top of a vertical ramp and decentered in relation to the light slits) takes a single photograph while moving down the ramp. The result: at the top of the ramp, when it is far away, the camera takes a rather precise picture of the light slit. This image gets progressively bigger and eventually shifts itself out of the frame. This produces a light trail, which meets up with the edge of the screen.
#These steps are repeated for each image, lightly peeling back the masking, which at the same time produces variation in colors as well as variation of the position of the light stream, thus creating the animation.

Naturally, this effect is very time-consuming, and thus expensive, to create. A 10-second sequence requires a minimum of 240 adjustments.

External links

* [http://people.rit.edu/andpph/text-slit-scan.html Slit-Scan Photography]
* [http://seriss.com/people/erco/2001/ Unwrapping the 2001 Slit Scan sequences]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Ehi9WqqPCs Video of the 1973 Doctor Who title sequence, which used this technique]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WdVivT0ShC4 Video of the 1974 Doctor Who Slit-Scan title sequence]
* [http://www.flong.com/writings/lists/list_slit_scan.html An Informal Catalogue of Slit-Scan Video Artworks]