Alfonso Bialetti

Alfonso Bialetti (1888-1970) was an engineer who became famous for his invention of the simple yet elegantly designed "Moka Express" coffee-maker. Designed in 1933, the coffee pot has been a style icon since the 1950s. It is the source of nostalgia and affection for many Italians and is an essential and fashionable part of almost every "cucina Italiana" (“Italian kitchen”). While many variations of the Moka have been developed, including the Bialetti cow-printed Mukka Express (which makes cappuccino), the Moka Express is a time-honoured classic. Bialetti was also the founder of Bialetti Industrie S.p.A, the now giant Italian kitchen-ware company.

Foundation of the Bialetti Company

Bialetti first acquired his metal-working skills by working for a decade in the French aluminium industrySchnapp, Jeffrey T. [http://www.mediafire.com/?s1vx1vwy2xy "The Romance of Caffeine and Aluminum"] "Critical Inquiry", Vol. 28, No. 1, 2001. Retrieved on 2005-10-27. DOI: 10.1086/449039] . By 1919 he had established his own metal and machine workshop in Crusinallo (his native Piedmont) to make aluminium products: this was the foundation of the Bialetti company [http://www.bialetti.it/uk/storia.asp "History: 1919 - The Origins of Bialetti"] . "Bialetti Industrie S.p.A.". Retrieved on 2005-10-27] . He transformed his workshop – Alfonso Bialetti & C. Fonderia in Conchiglia – into a studio for design and production.

The Moka Express Design

Bialetti completed his design for the aliminium Moka Express in 1933. It may also be referred to as a Moka, Moka pot, a Bialetti, a percolator or a stove-top coffee-maker, and in Italian as "la Moka", "la macchinetta" (“the little machine”) or "la caffettiera" [ [http://www.araazzurro.ca/about_coffee.aspx#Brewing_Process "About Coffee"] "Ara Azzurro", 2007. Retrieved on 2008-08-28] .The blueprints for Bialetti’s Moka Express are on display in the London Design Museum Fact|date=August 2008. Alfonso Bialetti was probably heavily influenced by contemporary designers such as Hoffmann, Puiforcat, Genazzi and Henin; to a certain extent he copied and built upon their coffee-pot designs. The coffee pot’s clean classic design with its symmetrical eight-faceted metallic body is easily recognisable – it followed the same design for over 70 years (unusual in a world of constantly changing products). Since its creation the Moka has become the world’s most famous coffee pot and has been cited in the Guinness Book of World Records as well as in various essential design books. The Bialetti design has also provided an inspiration for modern designers; Julian Lwin, a New York designer, paid homage to the Moka Express with his own “Dr. Octagon Espresso” set of table and chairs.

The use of aluminium to construct the body of the coffee pot was also a relatively new industrial concept as aluminium was not a traditional "domestic metal". Soon the material was to become more common in kitchens and the mid-1930s are considered to be the golden area in the production of aluminium products for the kitchen). The coming together of coffee and aluminum may have been inevitable, however, it was the Bialetti design together with the use of the novel metal which made the coffee-pot something rather special.

Development and Marketing of the Moka

The Moka was eventually to transform the Bialetti company into a leading Italian coffee-machine designer and manufacturer. Between 1934 and 1940 the humble Moka was only marketed locally - sold by Alfonso at the weekly markets in Piedmont. In these six years he only produced 70 000 units. By 2001 a total of 220 million units had been produced and to date the number has reached 330 millionFact|date=August 2008. During World War II the rising prices of coffee and aluminium stalled production of the Bialetti products. It was not until Renato, Alfonso’s son, took over in 1946 that the Bialetti product line was narrowed down to a single product: the Moka Express. A huge multi-faceted marketing campaign was initiated by Renato. It incorporated television, billboards which saturated the streets of Milano and even the creation of a giant statue of the Moka Express coffee pot. Copy-cat designs were infiltrating the market by now and advertising turned out to be a key strategy in defining the success of the Moka and ensuring the popularity of the Bialetti brand. "L'omino con i baffi" – the Moka mascot – was based on a humorous cartoon doodle of Alfonso Bialetti. The initial sketches and logo were created in 1953 by Paul Campani. By 1956 the Bialetti company had managed to construct a state-of-the-art factory in Omegna.

The Social Impact of the Moka Express

In terms of socio-economics the invention of the Moka Express brought espresso coffee from the coffeehouse and coffee bar to the home. That is certainly the impression the advertisements wanted to send out to people. Previously, only the middle and upper classes had the means to brew high-quality (ie: café-quality) coffee at home; coffee-drinking was, for the majority, a public affair. This was due to the fact that the high-quality coffee makers were all large and expensive machines used by (and marketed specifically for) baristas. The creation of the small, efficient, user-friendly and affordable Moka allowed people to quickly brew intense and good-tasting coffee in the comfort of their homes . The Moka Express was to replace more primitive coffee-makers from the late 19th century such as the Nepoletana and the Milanese.

Mechanics of Coffee Percolation

Aromatic compounds and other flavour compounds are extracted from coffee grains by the Moka using a process known as percolation. The verb to percolate is defined as: to cause a solvent (ie: water) to pass through a permeable substance (ie: coffee) especially for extracting a soluble constituent [ [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/percolate "percolate"] "Merriam-Webster Online", 2008. Retrieved on 2005-10-27] . In order to percolate or brew the coffee the percolator is placed on a stove element and heated until pressure in the water compartment increases causing the water to rise through a funnel, through the coffee grains, through a filter and, finally, into the top compartment. According to the Bialetti corporate lore the mechanical design for the Moka was inspired by the primitive washing-machines used by housewives: linens were boiled in tubes built around a central conduit that drew the boiling soapy water up through it and redistributed it across the linens through a radial opening .

ee also

*Coffee
*Espresso
*Moka Express
*Pressure cooking

Trivia

* Alfonso Bialetti is the grandfather of Alberto Alessi of Alessi (the famous Italian design house).
* Some patents describe this machine as an “apparatus for domestic use to prepare hot drinks by steam jet, in particular to prepare “Italian Cappuccino” [ [http://patents.ic.gc.ca/cipo/cpd/en/patent/1218858/summary.html#view_or_download_images "Patent: CA 1218858"] , "Canadian Patents Database", 2008-08-27. Retrieved on 2008-08-28] .

Notes

External links

* [http://www.bialetti.com/ Bialetti.com]
* [http://www.bialetti.it/files/catalogue/attachments/moka%20italia.pdf/ Moka Express Catalogue]