Typhoon Saomai

Infobox Hurricane
Name=Typhoon Saomai
Type=typhoon
Year=2006
Basin=WPac
Image location=Typhoon Saomai 10 aug 2006 0505Z.jpg


Formed=August 4, 2006
Dissipated=August 11, 2006
1-min winds=140
10-min winds=105
Pressure=925
Da

Inflated=1
Fatalities=458 totalcite web |url=http://severe.worldweather.wmo.int/tcc/document/creport/Review_of_the_2006_Typhoon_Season(China).doc |title=Review of the 2006 Typhoon Season |date=2006-12-04 |author=Typhoon Committee |publisher=World Meteorological Organization|format=DOC]
Areas=Mariana Islands, Philippines, Taiwan, southeast China
Hurricane season=2006 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Saomai (international designation: "0608", JTWC designation: "08W", designated Typhoon Juan by PAGASA and sometimes called Super Typhoon Saomai) was a powerful typhoon that affected areas of Taiwan and the east coast of the People's Republic of China. It was the eighth tropical storm, fifth typhoon, and third super typhoon of the 2006 Pacific typhoon season recognized by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. According to the Japan Meteorological Agency, Saomai was the seventh tropical storm and fifth typhoon of the season. The name "Saomai" was submitted by Vietnam, and is from the Vietnamese word for "morning star" ("sao Mai"), a reference to the planet Venus.cite web|url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/tyname.html#Column%20I|title=List of names for tropical cyclones adopted by the Typhoon Committee for the western North Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea|publisher=RSMC Tokyo - Typhoon Center|accessdate=August 11|accessyear=2006]

The typhoon brought heavy rain and wind to areas of the Mariana Islands, the Philippines, Taiwan, and the east coast of China. It was responsible for 458 deaths and $2.5 billion (2006 USD) in damage. Saomai affected many of the same areas affected by Tropical Storm Bilis a month earlier, and the China Meteorological Administration reported that Saomai was the strongest typhoon that ever occurred over China's offshore region as well as the most powerful typhoon ever to make landfall over Mainland China. [cite web |url=http://www.wmo.int/web/Press/Duan.pdf |title=Why were the impacts ofBilis and Saomai so severe? |accessdate=2006-12-01 |author=Duan Yihong |publisher=China Meteorological Administration|format=PDF]

Meteorological history

A tropical disturbance formed east of Chuuk on July 31 and gradually increased in organization over the next several days as it moved northwestward. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on the system on August 4, it was designated a tropical depression by both the JTWC and the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) later that day. The depression strengthened into a tropical storm on August 5, and the JMA designated it Tropical Storm Saomai.

Saomai continued moving toward the northwest and passed over the Mariana Islands on August 6 while continuing to strengthen,cite web |url=http://www.saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?cat=1&newsID=59993 |title=Saomai moves past Guam, COR 1 remains |date=2006-08-06 |accessdate=August 11 |accessyear=2006] and was upgraded to a severe tropical storm by the JMA later that day. The storm then began organizing and intensifying more rapidly, becoming a typhoon early on August 7. Saomai moved into the area of responsibility of PAGASA on August 8, and was designated Typhoon Juan. Rapid intensification continued, and Saomai reached its peak intensity of 105 knots (195 km/h, 120 mph) on August 9 north of Miyakojima.

After passing to the south of Okinawa, Saomai turned westward and brushed the northern coast of Taiwan Island early on August 10, before making landfall in Zhejiang Province later that day. [cite web |url=http://www.nmc.gov.cn/news/viewArticle.do?method=viewArticle&id=ff8080810cf70fba010cf76b61770002 |title=Super typhoon makes landfall (Chinese) |date=2006-08-10 |accessdate=August 13 |accessyear=2006 |publisher=China Meteorological Administration] Gradual weakening ensued as Saomai moved further inland, and it weakened into a tropical depression on August 11, dissipating later that day.

Preparations

The United States National Weather Service issued a tropical storm warning for Guam as Tropical Storm Saomai approached the island on August 6. Military bases in northern Guam entered Tropical Cyclone Condition of Readiness 1, meaning that winds of 50 knots or higher were expected within 12 hours. The rest of the island was placed under Condition of Readiness 2, meaning that such winds were possible within 24 hours. [cite web |url=http://www.npmodatsugi.navy.mil/info/definitions.htm |title=Tropical Cyclone Condition of Readiness |accessdate=September 26 |accessyear=2006 |publisher=U.S. Naval Forecast Detachment Atsugi, Japan] Several bases were temporarily closed. [cite web |url=http://www.estripes.com/article.asp?section=104&article=38241&archive=true |title=Guam braces for Tropical Storm Saomai |date=2006-08-07 |accessdate=August 12 |accessyear=2006 |publisher=Stars and Stripes]

The Central Weather Bureau of the Republic of China issued land and marine typhoon warnings for areas of northern Taiwan in anticipation of Saomai's outer bands. The warnings had been upgraded from lesser warnings issued for Tropical Storm Bopha, which made landfall in southern Taiwan the day before. [cite web |url=http://english.www.gov.tw/TaiwanHeadlines/index.jsp?categid=10&recordid=97989 |title=Saomai poised to hit as Bopha departs Taiwan |date=2006-08-10 |accessdate=August 12 |accessyear=2006 |publisher=Taiwan News]

In China, 990,000 people in Zhejiang and 569,000 people in Fujian were evacuated to shelters prior to Saomai's landfall. Over 20,000 soldiers and police were mobilized to aid in cleanup and rescue efforts.cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4782413.stm |title=China typhoon's death toll rises |date=2006-08-10 |accessdate=August 11 |accessyear=2006 |publisher=BBC]

Impact

While still a tropical storm, Saomai passed over Guam, bringing rain and wind to the island, but no damage or deaths were reported.

Later, as with Tropical Storm Bilis a month earlier, Saomai's outer rainbands affected areas of the Philippines. Over 400 homes were destroyed by storm surge, and two people were killed. At least seven people were reported missing.cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4782413.stm |title=Eighty dead as typhoon hits China |date=2006-08-10 |accessdate=August 11 |accessyear=2006 |publisher=BBC]

The core of the typhoon passed to the north of Taiwan, but the island still experienced heavy rain and wind that disrupted traffic and cancelled flights to and from Taipei. No serious damage or casualties were reported. [cite web |url=http://www.forbes.com/finance/feeds/afx/2006/08/10/afx2939572.html |title=Typhoon Saomai pounds Taiwan |date=2006-08-10 |accessdate=August 12 |accessyear=2006 |publisher=AFX News Limited] Afterwards, Saomai made landfall in Zhejiang province, where 87 deaths were reported, mostly in Wenzhou. Over 18,000 homes were destroyed, and major highways in the province were flooded out. Saomai was responsible for 4.9 billion yuan in damage in Zhejiang.

At least 138 people were killed in the neighboring province of Fujian. Most of these deaths were caused by storm surge flooding in coastal fishing communities, such as Fuding. Eight of the deaths were caused by the collapse of a damaged evacuation shelter. [cite web |url=http://www.eitb24.com/portal/eitb24/noticia/en/international-news/typhoon-saomai-chinas-death-toll-rises-to-134--163-people-missing?itemId=B24_4142&cl=%2Feitb24%2Finternacional&idioma=en |title=China's death toll rises to 134, 163 still missing |date=2006-08-13 |accessdate=August 13 |accessyear=2006 |publisher=EITB] cite web |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-08/14/content_4959885.htm |title=Death toll from Saomai rises to 214 in China |date=2006-08-13 |accessdate=August 13 |accessyear=2006 |publisher=Xinhua News Agency] Strong winds and flooding destroyed 37,000 houses and flooded 380 km² (94,000 acres) of farmland, and economic damage amounted to 6.3 billion yuan. [cite web |url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/breaking_news/breakingnews.php?id=112168 |title=300 dead, missing in China super typhoon |date=2006-08-12 |accessdate=August 12 |accessyear=2006 |publisher=Bangkok Post]

Another two people were killed in Jiangxi. One person was washed away in floodwaters while inspecting damage, while another person was killed when a damaged building collapsed. Six reservoirs in the province were destroyed, and 348 million yuan in damage was reported.cite web |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-08/12/content_4954392.htm |title=Death toll from Saomai rises to 106, 191 still missing |date=2006-08-12 |accessdate=August 12 |accessyear=2006 |publisher=Xinhua News Agency]

Aftermath

The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies made an appeal for almost 6 million Swiss francs ($4.8 million, 2006 USD) to assist stricken families in the PRC. As of August 11, 2006, about 1.8 million Chinese yuan ($220,000) worth of relief items and financial assistance had been given to the victims.cite web|url=http://www.ifrc.org/Docs/News/06/06081101/index.asp|title=China: Red Cross responds to worst typhoon in half a century|date=2006-08-11|accessdate=2006-08-19|publisher=International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies] The PRC government also allocated 120 million yuan ($15.2 million) for disaster relief in areas affected by Saomai and earlier storms. The funds were used to provide food and water for displaced victims and pay for the rebuilding effort in Zhejiang and Fujian. [cite web |url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/VBOL-6SSHSR?OpenDocument |title=Govt allocates $15.2 mln for natural disaster relief |date=2006-08-18 |accessdate=2006-09-15 |publisher=Government of the People's Republic of China]

The name "Saomai" was retired at the 39th annual meeting of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee in Manila in December 2006. [zh icon [http://www.cma.gov.cn/qxxw/t20061213_171681.phtml ESCAP/WMO台风委员会第三十九次届会在菲律宾召开 ] ] In December 2007, the committee selected the name "Son Tinh" to replace Saomai on the Western Pacific basin name lists beginning in 2008.cite web|url=http://www.webcitation.org/5TvESdRQg|title=Typhoon Committee adopt new typhoon name|date=2007|publisher=China Meteorological Agency|accessdate=2007-12-11]

ee also

* Tropical cyclone
* List of tropical cyclones
* 2006 Pacific typhoon season

References

External links

* [http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/w_pacific/2006/SAOMAI/track.gifUnisys track map of Super Typhoon Saomai]