Husayn Al-Musawi

Husayn Al-Musawi (also Hussein Musawi) is a Lebanese Shia who founded the now-dissolved pro-Iranian Islamist militia Islamic Amal in 1982.

Musawi was a "chemistry teacher turned militia commander" who became the deputy head and official spokesman of the Amal movement/party/militia, Lebanon's largest Shi'ite movement.

On June 21, 1982 he defected from Amal to start the Islamic Amal splinter group, operating out of Baalbek, Lebanon.

Musawi disapproved of Amal leader Nabih Berri's participation in the first session of the six-man Lebanese National Salvation Committee, his acceptance of "U.S. diplomatic efforts to end the Israeli siege of West Beirut, which was also Amal's strong hold," [Wright, Robin, "Sacred Rage," Simon and Schuster, (2001), p.82] and his opposition to the pledging of pan-Islamic allegiance by Amal to Iranian Revolutionary Islamist leader Ayatollah Khomeini. [Ranstorp, Magnus, "Hizb'allah in Lebanon : The Politics of the Western Hostage Crisis", New York, St. Martins Press, 1997 p.31]

Under his leadership, Islamic Amal captured a Lebanese Gendarmerie barracks on November 21, 1982, during the Lebanese Civil War. Overpowering the Gendarmerie under the command of Sheikh Abdullah, he then turned it over to the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps. Baer, Robert, "See No Evil", Crown Publishers, New York, NY. 2002]

Musawi's pro-Iranian position was in part a reflection of having been trained in Iran and having been one of the elite protégés of Mostafa Chamran, the Iranian Defense Minister who had worked in Lebanon with Amal before the Shah's overthrow. [Wright, Robin, "Sacred Rage," (2001), p.82]

Musawi was a strong supporter of Iran.

We are her [Iran's] children. We are seeking to formulate an Islamic society which in the final analysis will produce an Islamic state. ... The Islamic revolution will march to liberate Palestine and Jerusalem, and the Islamic state will then spread its authority over the region of which Lebanon is only a part.` [Musawi in "Monday Morning" magazine, Oct. 31, 1983, shortly before the Beirut embassy bombings.

Musawi was also a prominent member of Hezbollah (where he served on the consultative council.)

When then French and American MNF peacekeeping force was attacked by suicide bombers killing over 300 he denied responsibility but expressed his admiration

I salute this good act, and I consider it a good deed and a legitimate right, and I bow to the spirits of the martyrs who carried out this operation [Musawi in Baalbeck, ABC Close-up `War and Power: The Rise of Syria`, June 14, 1984.

He is also reported to have been involved in the kidnapping of foreigners in Lebanon during the Lebanon Hostage Crisis, holding the victims in the village of Ras al-Ein, in the Beqaa Valley of East Lebanon. [ [http://www.jeffreygoldberg.net/articles/tny/a_reporter_at_large_in_the_par.php In The Party Of God (Part I)] ]

In 1986 Iranian officials pressured Husayn Al-Musawi to dissolve Islamic Amal. He refused. "Middle-East Quarterly" V.19 P.45, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL. 1997] Others date Islamic Amal being subsumed by Hezbollah much earlier. Robin Wright says the two groups were "effectively becoming one under the Hizbollah label," by August 1983 when they infiltrate West Beirut's poor Shi'ite suburbs, [Wright, "Sacred Rage", (2001), p.84] while by "by late 1984" Hezbollah "had absorbed" Islamic Amal along with "all the known major extremist groups." [Wright, Sacred Rage, (2001), p.95]

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