Vienne, Isère

French commune
nomcommune=Vienne

department=Isère
(Subprefecture)
arrondissement=Vienne
canton= Chief town of 2 cantons
insee=38544 |cp=38200
gentilé=Viennois
maire=Jacques Remiller |mandat=
intercomm= Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Viennois
longitude= 4.878056|latitude= 45.524167|alt moy=169 m
alt mini= |alt maxi=
hectares=2,265
km²=22.65
sans=29,975
date-sans=1999
dens=1,323.4
date-dens=1999

Vienne is a commune in east central France, located 20 miles south of Lyon, on the Rhône River. It is the second largest city after Grenoble in the Isère department, of which it is a subprefecture. The city's population was of 29,400 as of the 2001 census.

Before the arrival of the Roman armies, Vienne was the capital city of the Allobroges, a Gaul people. Transformed in a Roman colony in 47 BC under Julius Caesar, Vienne became a major urban center, ideally located along the Rhône river, then a major axis of communication. The town later became a Roman provincial capital. Numerous remains of Roman constructions are still visible in modern Vienne. The town was also an important early bishopric in Christian Gaul. Its most famous bishop was Avitus of Vienne. At the Council of Vienne, convened there in October 1311, Pope Clement V abolished the order of the Knights Templar. During the middle ages, Vienne was part of the kingdom of Provence, dependent on the Holy Roman Empire, while the opposite bank of the Rhône was French territory thus making it a strategic position.

Today, the town is a regional commercial and industrial center specialised in food industry. Tourism is also a major part of the town's economy. Indeed, the important number and diversity of its historical monuments but also its annual jazz festival (July) makes it a popular tourist destination.

History

Roman Vienne

The "oppidum" of the Allobroges became a Roman colony about 47 BC under Julius Caesar, but the Allobroges managed to expel them: the exiles then founded the colony of "Lugdunum" (today's Lyon). Herod Archelaus was exiled here in 6 AD. Under the early Empire Vienna (as the Romans called it--not to be confused with today's Vienna [German "Wien"] , which the Romans called "Vindobona") regained all its former privileges as a Roman colony. Later it became a provincial capital. In 257 Postumus was proclaimed emperor here of a short-lived Gallo-Roman empire with its capital at Trier. On the bank of the Gre are traces of the ramparts of the old Roman city, and on Mont Pipet (east of the town) are the remains of a Roman theatre, while the ruined 13th century castle there was built on Roman footings. Several ancient aqueducts and traces of Roman roads can still be seen.

Two Roman monuments at Vienne are outstanding. One is the temple of Augusta and Livia, a rectangular building of the Corinthian order, erected by the emperor Claudius, which owes its survival, like the Maison Carrée at Nîmes, to being converted to a church soon after the Theodosian decrees as "Notre Dame de Vie." In it the local Festival of Reason at the time of the Reign of Terror. The other is the "Plan de l'Aiguille", a truncated pyramid resting on a portico with four arches, from the Roman circus. Many popular theories have been advanced as to what this structure was intended for, even the legend of Pontius Pilate has made this his tomb.

Christian Vienne

The provincial capital was an important early seat of a bishop, the legendary first bishop said to have been Crescens, a disciple of Paul. Certainly there were Christians here in 177 when the churches of Vienne and Lyon addressed a letter to those of Asia and Phrygia and mention is made of the deacon of Vienne (Eusebius of Caesarea, "Church History"). The first historical bishop was Verus, who was present at the Council of Arles in 314. About 450 Vienne's bishop became an archbishop (dissolved in 1790) and its archbishops disputed with those of Lyon the title of "Primate of All the Gauls".

Vienne was an unfortunate target during the Migrations Period: taken by the Burgundians in 438, by the Franks in 534, sacked by the Lombards in 558 and by the Moors in 737.

Vienne in the Kingdom of Provence

King Charles II the Bald assigned the district in 869 to Count Boso of Provence, who in 879 proclaimed himself king of Provence and was buried on his death in 887 in the cathedral church of St Maurice. Vienne then continued to form part of the kingdom of Provence and then of Arles till in 1032 it reverted to the Holy Roman Empire, but the real rulers were the archbishops of Vienne, whose rights were repeatedly recognized but who had serious local rivals in the counts of Albon, later Dauphins of the neighboring countship of the Viennois. In 1349 the reigning Dauphin sold his rights to the Dauphiné to France, but the archbishop stood firm and Vienne was not included in this sale. The archbishop finally surrendered their territorial powers to France in 1449. Gui de Bourgogne, who was archbishop 1090–1119, was pope from 1119 to 1124 as Callixtus II.

ee also

* Archbishopric of Vienne

Main sights

The early Romanesque basilica church of St Peter belonged to an ancient Benedictine abbey and was rebuilt in the 9th century with tall square piers and two ranges of windows in the tall aisles and a notable porch.

The Gothic former cathedral of St Maurice was built in many campaigns over a long period, between 1052 and 1533. It is a basilica, with three aisles, but no apse or transepts. It is 315 ft. in length, 118 ft. wide and 89 in height. The most striking portion is the west front, which rises majestically from a terrace overhanging the Rhône. But the sculpural decoration was badly damaged by the Protestants in 1562, during the Wars of Religion. [Vienne Cathedral: [http://www.vienne-tourisme.com/imgs/illustres_inside/imgs_decouverte/cathedrale.jpg] , [http://document.linternaute.com/document/image/550/villes-cathedrale-interieur-vienne-autriche-9842.jpg]

The Romanesque church of St André en Bas was the church of a second Benedictine monastery, and became the chapel of the earlier kings of Provence. It was rebuilt in 1152, in the later Romanesque style.

Twin cities

* - Albacete, Spain
* - Esslingen, Germany
* - Goris, Armenia
* - Neath Port Talbot, United Kingdom
* - Piotrków Trybunalski, Poland
* - Schiedam, the Netherlands
* - Udine, Italy
* - Velenje, Slovenia
* - Greenwich, Connecticut, United States

External links

* [http://www.vienne.fr/ Official website] (in French)
* [http://www.musees-vienne.fr/ Museums' website] (in french)
* [http://www.vienne-tourisme.com/ Tourist information]
* [http://www.claudetravels.altervista.org/VdR/Vienne/gal.html Vienne Photogallery]
* [http://www.livius.org/a/france/vienne/vienna.html Livius.org: Roman Vienne] - pictures

ources and references

*1911
*Catholic