Crossing (architecture)

Cathedral floor plan (crossing is shaded)

A crossing, in ecclesiastical architecture, is the junction of the four arms of a cruciform (cross-shaped) church.

In a typically oriented church (especially of Romanesque and Gothic styles), the crossing gives access to the nave on the west, the transept arms on the north and south, and the choir on the east.

The crossing is sometimes surmounted by a tower or dome. A large crossing tower is particularly common on English Gothic cathedrals. With the Renaissance, building a dome above the crossing became popular. Because the crossing is open on four sides, the weight of the tower or dome rests heavily on the corners; a stable construction thus required great skill on the part of the builders. In centuries past, it was not uncommon for overly ambitious crossing towers to collapse.

A tower may be called a lantern tower if it has openings through which light from outside can shine down to the crossing.

In Early Medieval churches, the crossing square was often used as a module, or a unit of measurement. The nave and transept would have lengths that were a certain multiple of the length of the crossing square. This was to ensure that the church was properly proportioned.

Gallery

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  Crossing and lantern tower, Rouen Cathedral

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  Crossing with dome, Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence

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  Crossing tower, Canterbury Cathedral

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  Flèche above crossing, Notre Dame de Paris

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  Crossing tower, Saint-Sernin Basilica

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  Plan of St-Sernin, showing enlarged piers to support tower