Sindy

Infobox generic
style0 = class="infobox" style="width:22em; font-size:90%;"
color = pink
name = Sindy
img1 = Sindy_logo.png cap1 = Original Sindy logo, 1963-1986|
hdr1 = Brand
lbl1 = Founded
row1 = September 1963
lbl2 = Licence holder
row2 = Pedigree Dolls & Toys
lbl3 = Manufacturer
row3 = Pedigree Toys, Marx Toys, Hasbro,
Vivid Imaginations, New Moons
lbl4 = Slogan
row4 = "The doll you love to dress"
lbl5 = Website
row5 = http://www.sindy.com

Sindy is a British fashion doll created by Pedigree Dolls & Toys in 1963. A rival to Barbie, Sindy's wholesome look and range of fashions and accessories made it the best selling toy in the United Kingdom in 1968 and 1970. After Marx Toys' unsuccessful attempt to introduce Sindy in the United States in the late 1970s, Hasbro bought the rights to Sindy and remodelled the doll to look more American. As a result, the doll's popularity declined and Barbie manufacturer Mattel filed a lawsuit for copyright infringement, which was settled when Hasbro agreed to remodel Sindy's face. During the 1990s, Barbie's share of the doll market continued to grow while Sindy's diminished, which led to Sindy being delisted from major retailers in 1997. Hasbro returned the doll's licence to Pedigree, and the doll was relaunched in 1999, manufactured by Vivid Imaginations. Sindy's 40th anniversary in 2003 saw a new manufacturer, New Moons, and another relaunch and redesign. Barbie and Bratz dolls now dominate Sindy's original target audience of pre-adolescents, so Sindy is aimed at three- to five- year old girls.

Development and launch

After 20 years of producing dolls, Pedigree Dolls & Toys, a British company located in Exeter, sought to expand its product range to include a trendy fashion doll.cite web |url=http://www.sindydolly.com/articles.htm |title=Articles |publisher=SindyDolly.com |accessdate=2008-03-16] American toy manufacturer Mattel offered Pedigree a licence to produce Barbie, which Pedigree declined due to market research showing Barbie was unpopular with British buyers. Instead Pedigree manufactured its own doll based on another American doll, Tammy. With permission from Tammy's manufacturer, the Ideal Toy Company, Pedigree also borrowed Tammy's slogan, "The doll you love to dress".cite web |url=http://dollreference.com/pedigree_sindy.html |title=Pedigree British Sindy Doll 1963 |publisher=DollReference.com |accessdate=2008-03-16] The name "Sindy" was chosen after a street poll where young girls were shown a photo of the doll and asked to choose their favourite name from a list of four.cite book |title=Dictionary of trade name origins |last=Room |first=Adrian |year=1982 |publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul |location=London |isbn=0710201745] The most popular choice was "Cindy", and the spelling made more unique for trademarking.

The Sindy doll was launched in September 1963,cite news |title=Sindy doll 'set to be a Christmas hit' |publisher="Press Association National Newswire" |date=6 July 2006 ] cite news |first=Lesley |last=Gillian |title=The return of a living doll: The new look Sindy will cause collectors to rethink |work=FT Weekend - Collecting |publisher="Financial Times" |date=22 November 2003 |page=8] and London retailers were sent a promotional 45rpm gramophone record to introduce the doll, which included Pedigree's marketing text below.

Sindy is the free, swinging girl that every little girl longs to be. Sindy has sports clothes, glamour clothes, everyday clothes — a dog, skates, a gramophone — everything... Every genuine Sindy outfit is a child's dream come true. Each one is designed for today's fashionable young women by today's leading women designers. They are authentic miniature replicas of the latest adult clothes. [cite album-notes |title=Sindy: Every little girl's dream come true |year=1963 |format=Vinyl back cover | publisher=Pedigree Dolls Limited]

Brand and doll evolution

Developing accessories and American release

Pedigree Toys' market research was correct – Sindy's "girl next door" look made her more popular than Barbie in Britain. Sindy's boyfriend Paul was released in 1965, and her younger sister Patch in 1966. Sindy's friends Vicki and Mitzi, and Patch's friends Poppet and Betsy debuted in 1968. Sindy was the best selling toy in Britain in 1968 and 1970. [cite news |title=Friday Page: Twenty years of Britain's best selling toys |publisher="The Times" |date=19 December 1986 |page= ] Sindy's success in the 1960s was partly due to the increasing range of accessories, with up to 70% of Sindy's turnover from sales of accessories.cite news |title=Marketing has examined the development of Pedigree's Sindy doll since its launch in the 1960s |publisher="Marketing" |date=7 September 1984 |page=24 ] Mattel did not greatly expand Barbie's accessories until the 1980s, and this was a significant difference between the dolls.

During the 1970s, Pedigree focused on developing more Sindy products and neglected advertising and market research, risking Sindy's "girl next door" image becoming old-fashioned. In 1978, Sindy was introduced to the United States market by Marx Toys. Most of Sindy's accessories and fashions were similar to those sold in the United Kingdom, except for the addition of a friend, Gayle, and a McDonald's-themed Sindy. Marx Toys went into receivership in 1980 and Sindy was withdrawn from the US market.

Focus on relaunches, fashion and advertising

During the 1980s, Pedigree's new marketing director David Brown made several changes, including increasing advertising and market research, and consulting often with fashion experts to ensure the doll's image was kept up to date. Pedigree produced a number of evening dresses designed by The Emmanuels, famous for designing Princess Diana's wedding gown, shortly after Mattel released gowns for Barbie designed by Oscar de la Renta.cite book |title=The fashion doll: from Bebe Jumeau to Barbie |last=Peers |first=Juliette |year=2004 |publisher=Berg Publishers |location= |isbn=1859737439 |page=174] Due to its success, a second collection of designs was released the next year, including a bubble dress and lingerie. An older-looking Sindy doll was released in 1985, with male and female companions Mark and Marie.cite news |title=Pedigree Dolls and Toys is relaunching its Sindy dolls range |publisher="Marketing" |date=15 November 1985 |page=3 ] The advertising campaign was worth £1.5 million.

In 1986, Sindy manufacturers took advantage of new colour-changing technology and released Magic Moments Sindy, a doll whose hair and swimming costume changed colour when immersed in warm water. [cite news |title=With 1985 behind us and £900 million worth of toys and games sold in the UK, manufacturers and importers are set to show us the toys for sale this year at the Harrogate and Earls Court Fairs respectively |publisher="The Grocer" |date=3 January 1986 |page=44 ] Sindy's senior designer Jane Braithwaite travelled to Paris each month to research fashion trends for Sindy's clothing in an attempt to reverse declining sales.cite news |first=Jane |last=Braithwaite |title=The woman who helped to keep Sindy a legend |publisher="The Northern Echo" |date=12 June 2000 |page=3] As an example of Sindy's continually updated fashions, during this period the doll's footwear included kitten heels, sandals, knee-high boots, ankle boots, trainers, slippers, court shoes and slingbacks.

In 1987, Sindy's product manager Edward Machin announced that Sindy would reclaim the lead over Barbie within two years.cite news |title=Hasbro is to relaunch Sindy Doll and is planning to spend some £1.5 m on advertising |publisher="Marketing" |date=24 April 1987 |page=5] Hasbro redesigned Sindy and spent approximately £1.5 m on advertising. A Sindy magazine was also launched in this period to challenge the fortnightly Barbie magazine. A £1 million advertising campaign was introduced in 1991 with five advertisements highlighting Sindy's collection of beach and pool wear.cite news |title=Media Week Advertising Campaigns - Sindy doll through Griffin Bacal |publisher="Media Week" |date=22 March 1991 |page=5 ] The advertisement showed footage of Sindy combined with live action sequences from a look-alike.

In 1993, Sindy was featured in a £500,000 advertising campaign for the fashion company Alexon Group.cite news |first=Michele |last=Martin |title=Sindy doll stars in innovative BBH push to modernise image of Alexon clothes |publisher="Campaign" |date=19 February 1993 |page=5 ] Sindy was used to contrast her childish fashion with the sophistication of Alexon's fashion range. Each double page spread showed Sindy in a typical outfit superimposed on a real-life setting. The opposite page showed a real woman dressed in Alexon's clothes above the line 'Dressing up for grown ups'.

Brand decline and lawsuits

Hasbro introduced Sindy in France and continental Europe in 1994 after minor facial modifications to reduce her resemblance to Barbie.cite news |title=Hasbro's Sindy gets ready for debut |publisher="Les Echos" |date=27 June 1994 |page=10 ] A Neilsen study suggested Sindy could obtain 20% of the ₣500-600 m market in France alone. The chief executive of Hasbro France, Paul Audouy, said recent innovations such as the ability for Sindy to swim and walk a small dog would strengthen her market position. Hasbro invested ₣5 million in the first week of her advertising launch. A new black friend for Sindy was released in 1995, named Imani, 30 years after Sindy's American friend Gayle was withdrawn after low sales.cite news |title=Black Sindy and Beach Barbie in toytown brawl |publisher="Marketing" |date=2 February 1995 |page=1] Hasbro released the new doll in response to "overwhelming demand".

Hasbro withdrew its £5.5 m advertising support for the Sindy doll in 1997 amid rumours that major retailers were planning to delist the doll.cite news |first=Liz |last=Stuart |title=Death knell sounds for Hasbro's Sindy doll line |publisher="Marketing Week" |date=31 January 1997 |page=7 ] The editor of UK Toy News, Jon Salisbury, said, "This is Hasbro taking Sindy out of its main range. But she is running so far behind Barbie it is almost a non-issue. If delisted by bigger retailers, which seems to be happening, then the brand will lose momentum". In 1994, Sindy had a seven percent share of the £70 m doll market, and Barbie held 16%. By 1996, Barbie's share had increased to 30%, estimated by Mattel to be worth £100 m per year including licensing deals, and Sindy's share had only climbed to eight percent. Sindy's popularity had also been overtaken during that period by Polly Pocket. One explanation for the large variation in market share is the unpopular Americanisation of the Sindy doll in the mid-1980s. The Sindy doll was still available to retailers during this period, but had to be ordered in bulk from the Hong Kong manufacturer.

Return to Pedigree Toys and further doll makeovers

Sindy and Barbie went head-to-head in August 1999, when both manufacturers created large advertising campaigns for the dolls and Sindy was relaunched.cite news |title=It's Barbie v Sindy |publisher="Belfast News Letter" |date=17 August 1999 |page=5 ] The manufacturers updated the dolls' images and revamped them with a "millennium look". Sindy was transformed into a younger-looking doll with "new themes, new friends and a new family, fitting today's environment and in tune with the street-cred concerns of today's young girls", according to Vivid Imaginations' marketing director, Paul Weston, from the company then producing Sindy.cite news |first=Harriet |last=Marsh |title='Younger' Sindy to wrestle with Barbie for sales |publisher="Marketing" |date=28 January 1999 |page=1 ] Pedigree, which owns the rights to Sindy, licensed the doll to Vivid Imaginations after Hasbro ceased production of the doll. The doll market in the United Kingdom during this time was worth £77 million, with Barbie holding a share of over 75%.

The Sindy doll entered the digital world in 2000 when Pedigree Toys introduced an official website.cite news |title=New Media - Pedigree Toys to bring Sindy doll 'to life' with site |publisher="Marketing" |date=16 November 2000 |page=14 ] Monitor Media, the website design company, said, "Sindy.com brings Sindy to life for six-year-old girls just getting to grips with computers while sitting on their Mum's knee. They can dress her up, paint her bedroom in different colours, read her secret diary, chat with other Sindy fans and send her e-mails".

In 40 years, nearly 100 million Sindy dolls were sold in Britain alone,cite news |first=Tom |last=Morgan |title=Straitlaced Sindy to take on tarty Barbie |publisher="The Daily Express" |date=6 July 2006 |page=22] and in 2003, Sindy was relaunched for her 40th birthday.cite news |title=Back to childhood for Sindy doll, aged 40 |publisher="The Northern Echo" |date=15 September 2003 |page=3 ] Her figure was changed to more closely resemble the girls the doll is marketed towards. Denise Deane, the head of design and development at New Moons, the new Sindy manufacturer, said, "She's lost the big breasts and very long legs, and we've completely changed her face. She's totally unrecognisable. Sindy's still very popular, but she has been neglected over the last few years, and we don't think people are identifying with that look. She's going to look like a 15-year-old, and we've designed her to wear trainers." The doll was released in two versions: six-inch and full-size.

Sindy was relaunched again in 2006, this time resembling a 12 to 14 year old. Jerry Reynolds, chief executive officer of Pedigree Toys explained, "If you take the Sindy of yester-year she was between 12 and 14 years while Barbie was twenty-something. She got too close to Barbie in the '80s and '90s and has now effectively returned to that younger positioning." The doll was again released in two sizes, with the standard-size Sindy a Woolworths exclusive, after Woolworths had not stocked a Sindy doll for four years.cite news |title=Sindy is back...& less front |publisher="The Sun" |date=6 July 2006 |page=9 ] The 2006 Sindy was aimed at three- to five-year old girls, younger than the audience targeted by Bratz dolls, and mothers who wanted a more innocent-looking doll for their daughters than Barbie or Bratz dolls.

Controversies and lawsuits

The January 1989 redesign made Sindy look more similar to her rival Barbie.cite news |title=Hasbro and Mattel UK battle it out over Barbie 'copy' |publisher="Marketing Week" |date=12 May 1989 |page=10] In response, Mattel sought and won an injunction against Hasbro after claiming the new Sindy doll was easily confused with their product. After a French court decided that the Sindy doll infringed on Mattel's copyright in early 1992, the case was settled in December when Hasbro agreed to alter Sindy's face.cite news |title=Company news: A loss of face; Barbie's overseas rival must change her look |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE5DA1031F930A15751C1A964958260&n=Top/News/Business/Companies/Mattel%20Inc. |work= |publisher="The New York Times" |date=23 December 1992 |accessdate=2008-02-20] [cite news |first=Norma |last=Meyer |title=Doll wars: Makers of Barbie and rival Bratz not playing nice in battle for supremacy |url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20050605/news_1c05doll.html |publisher="The San Diego Union-Tribune" |date=5 June 2005 |accessdate=2008-02-20] Mattel and Hasbro released the following joint statement, "Hasbro has remodeled the head of Sindy in a way which Mattel and Hasbro have agreed is acceptable. As a result, Mattel has agreed to drop all outstanding lawsuits relating to Sindy and Barbie around the world. Each party will be responsible for its own costs". The case was previously ruled in Hasbro's favour in Spain and Greece. [cite news |first=Craig |last=Forman |title=Two high-fashion figures star in court fight Abroad, stay mute |publisher="The Wall Street Journal" |date=19 May 1992 |page=B1]

Similar to many fashion dolls, including Barbie, Sindy has been criticised by feminist groups who said her figure set an unrealistic standard for young girls. After Hasbro returned the brand to Pedigree Toys, Pedigree responded to the backlash against "cosmetically enhanced bimbo" dolls by making Sindy more wholesome and less shapely.

A minor controversy occurred in 1998 when Hasbro expressed a desire to make a Sindy doll that looked like Princess Diana, shortly after former prime minister John Major recommended sensitivity when making commercial deals to honour the late princess.cite news |title= Di tribute Sindy doll barred |publisher="Daily Telegraph" |date=27 March 1998 |page=30 ] The Princess's Memorial Fund denied Hasbro's request, but did not rule out the possibility of a future doll, "if it met the requirements of the trustees and was judged acceptable to the public".

Collecting

The Sindy doll is popular among collectors, and websites provide advice on how to re-root the doll's hair and replace parts. [cite news |first=Mark |last=Lawson |title=Valley of the dolls |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/story/0,,1814607,00.html |publisher="The Guardian" |date=7 July 2006 |accessdate=2008-02-20] Mint condition dolls are the most sought after. Many collectors shunned the "American look" Sindy developed by Hasbro, while the value of the Pedigree dolls increased. In 2003, a first-edition Sindy, complete with original Foale and Tuffin "Weekenders" outfit (jeans and a striped sweatshirt), box and fashion booklet was worth approximately £160-200. Sindy's rarer friends Gayle (a doll made for the American market in 1975) was worth up to £400, and Mitzi (her French friend from 1968) up to £500.

December 2006 saw the launch of a collectible version of the original Sindy, called "Classic Sindy" and manufactured in porcelain. Created by Anne Zielinski-Old, distributed by the Danbury Mint and still licensed by Pedigree Dolls & Toys, the "Weekender" was the first in a series. [cite web |url=http://www.annezielinski-old.com/html/sindy.html |title=The New Classic Sindy Doll |publisher=Anne Zielinski-Old.com |accessdate=2007-09-11 ]

References

Further reading

*Mansell, Colette (1999). "The history of Sindy: Britain's top teenage doll 1962-1994." London: New Cavendish Books. ISBN 1872727549.

External links

* [http://www.sindy.com Official website]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/derby/features/2003/05/sindy/sindy.shtml 2003 Sindy Exhibition in Sudbury]