- Treaty of Whampoa
The Treaty of Whampoa (zh-tsp|t=黃埔條約|s=黄埔条约|p=Huángpǔ Tiáoyuē) was a commercial treaty between
France and China, which was signed by Théodore de Lagrené andQiying onOctober 24 ,1844 .Contents of the Treaty
Based on the terms of the accord,
China granted the same privileges to the French Empire as it had done to Britain in theTreaty of Nanking and subsequent treaties. These privileges included the opening of five harbors to French merchants, extraterritorial privileges French citizens in China, a fixed tariff on Sino-French trade and the right of France to station consuls in China.Toleration of Christianity
Although French prime minister
Guizot only had given de Lagrené a mandate to negotiate a commercial treaty with France, de Lagrené decided that he wanted to enhance France's international prestige by securing a rescission ofYongzheng Emperor 's prohibition ofChristianity in China from 1724. By so doing, France could become the protectorate of Catholics in China, just like France played the same role in theLevant . After protracted negotiations with Qiting, most of which de Lagrené entrusted to his interpreter Joseph-Marie Callery, theDaoguang emperor issued an edict on February 1846, which legalized the practice of Christianity in China.References
*Cady, John Frank. "The Roots of French Imperialism in Eastern Asia." Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1967.
*Grosse-Aschhoff, Angelus Francis J. "The Negotiations between Ch'i-Ying and Lagrené, 1844-1846." St. Bonaventure, New York: Franciscan Institute, 1950.
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