Riederloh

Riederloh was the name of two camps providing forced laborers to the gunpowder and ammunition facility of Dynamit AG (DAG) in Kaufbeuren (Bavaria, approx. 80 km to the South-West of Munich) in Nazi Germany. the camps were named "Riederloh" and "Riederloh II" respectively.

Riederloh

"Riederloh" was a residence camp which was directly run by the DAG. It existed from 1939 to 1945 at the South end of the DAG site. Camp Riederloh hosted German laborers during construction (1939-1941), as well as Germans and non-German forced laborers, mainly from Poland and the USSR, as well as Italian military detainees (1941-1945).

Riederloh II

"Riederloh II" was a sub-camp of Dachau concentration camp and, therefore, run by the SS. It existed from 1944 to 1945 at approx. 2 km to the East of the DAG site. Camp Riederloh II was set up for "killing by labor", where 472 -- this number is usually reported in literature -- among the approx. 1,000 Jewish inmates (mainly from Poland and Hungary, brought to Kaufbeuren from Auschwitz after having passed selection) died by malnutrion and physical infirmity resp. were murdered by the extremely brutal behaviour of the SS guards between fall 1944 and January 1945. The surviving inmates where marched to Dachau in 1945, put under quarantine, fed to make them fit for labor again and then taken to other sub-camps of Dachau. Meanwhile the baracks of Riederloh II were reassigned to Ukrainian forced laborers.

After 1945

On the sites of the DAG facilities and the Riederloh camp, after 1946 the German nationals (often referred to as Sudeten Germans) expelled from Jablonec in Czechoslovakia were settled; their settlement grew into a large quarter of Kaufbeuren and was named Neugablonz later. Other Czech Germans were settled on and around the site of Riederloh II, their (smaller) settlement evolving into what is today Steinholz, a detached settlement of the village of Mauerstetten.Therefore, sometimes Riederloh II is referred to with the inofficial name of "concentration camp Mauerstetten-Steinholz".

Memorials

At Mauerstetten there is a cemetery with a memorial stone recalling the death of the 472 Jewish victims at Riederloh II. Victims of labor accidents of laborers from the barracks of camp Riederloh are remembered on a memorial stone in the Roman-Catholic Church in Neugablonz. Mentally ill laborers of camp Riederloh, or people suffering from nervous breakdowns, were brought to and subsequently killed at the nearby Euthanasia facility at Kaufbeuren-Irsee if they wouldn't recover within 4 weeks time.