List of IBM acquisitions and spinoffs

The following is a partial list of IBM acquisitions and spinoffs. IBM has undergone a large number of mergers and acquisitions during a corporate history lasting over a century; the company has also produced a number of spinoffs during that time.

The acquisition date listed is the date of the agreement between IBM and the subject of the acquisition. The value of each acquisition is listed in US$ because IBM is based in the United States. If the value of an acquisition is not listed, then it is undisclosed.

Acquisitions before 1930

1889 - 1909

*1889 Bundy Manufacturing Company incorporated.
*1891 Computing Scale Company incorporated.
*1893 Dey Patents Company (Dey Time Registers) incorporated.
*1894 Willard & Frick Manufacturing Company (Rochester, New York) incorporated.
*1896
**Detroit Automatic Scale Company incorporated.
**Tabulating Machine Company incorporated.
*1899 Standard Time Stamp Company acquired by Bundy Manufacturing Company.
*1900 Willard & Frick Manufacturing Company (Rochester) acquired by International Time Recording Company.
**Chicago Time-Register Company acquired by International Time Recording Company.
**Dayton Moneyweight Scale Company acquired by Computing Scale Company.
**Detroit Automatic Scale Company acquired by Computing Scale Company.
*1902 Bundy Manufacturing Company acquired by International Time Recording Company.
*1907 Dey Time Registers acquired by International Time Recording Company.
*1908 Syracuse Time Recording Company acquired by International Time Recording Company.

1910 - 1929

*1911
**Computing Scale Company acquired by Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (C-T-R).
**International Time Recording Company acquired by Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (C-T-R).
**Tabulating Machine Company acquired by Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (C-T-R).
*1917
**American Automatic Scale Company acquired by Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (C-T-R) as International Scale Company.
**C-T-R opens in Canada as International Business Machines Company Limited.
*1921
**Pierce Accounting Machine Company (asset purchase).
**Ticketograph Company (of Chicago).
*1924 C-T-R renamed International Business Machines Corporation.

Acquisitions during 1930-1999

1930 - 1949

*1930 Automatic Accounting Scale Company.
*1932 National Counting Scale Company.
*1933 Electromatic Typewriters Inc. (See: IBM Electromatic typewriter)
*1941 Munitions Manufacturing Corporation.

1950 - 1969

*1959 Pierce Wire Recorder Corporation.
*1964 Science Research Associates.

1970 - 1989

*1974 CML Satellite Corporation (renamed Satellite Business Systems (SBS).
*1984 ROLM
*1986 RealCom Communications Corporation.

1990 - 2000

*1995 Lotus Development Corporation for $3.5 billion.
*1996
**Tivoli Systems, Inc. for $743 million.
**Data Sciences Ltd, UK for £95 million.
**Object Technology International (OTI) is acquired by IBM
**Cyclade Consultants (Netherlands)
**Fairway Technologies
*1997
**Software Artistry for $200 million.
**Unison Software.
**Dominion Semiconductor (Manassas, VA) is created by forming a 50/50 joint venture with Toshiba to produce 64MB and 256MB DRAM chips. Administrative offices are located in Building 131 the former IBM Federal Systems campus now primarily owned by Lockheed Martin; the new state-of-the-art fabrication facility was built from on adjacent land.
*1998 CommQuest Technologies.
*1999
**DASCOM Holdings.
**Mylex Corporation.
**Sequent Computer Systems for $810 million.

Acquisitions since 2000

pinoffs

*1934 Dayton Scale Division is sold to the Hobart Manufacturing Company.
*1942 Ticketograph Division is sold to the National Postal Meter Company.
*1958 Time Equipment Division is sold to the Simplex Time Recorder Company.

*Prodigy, formerly a joint venture with Sears, Roebuck and Company. It's not sure information. Joint venture with Sears was Advantis.
*AT&T Business Internet
*1985 Satellite Business Systems sold to MCI Communications
*1988 Copier/Duplicator business, including service and support contracts, sold to Eastman Kodak. [http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/history/year_1988.html] [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE0DD1330F933A15753C1A96E948260]
*ARDIS mobile packet network, a joint venture with Motorola. Now [http://www.motient.com Motient] .
*1991 Lexmark (keyboards, typewriters, and printers). IBM Retained a 10% interest. Lexmark has sold its keyboard and typewriter businesses. [http://www.printers.ibm.com IBM Printing Systems] now competes with Lexmark.
*Taligent, a joint software venture with Apple Computer.
*Kalieda, a joint Multimedia software venture with Apple Computer.
*1992 IBM Commercial Multimedia Technologies Group, spun off to form private company Fairway Technologies.
*1994 [http://www.xyratex.com Xyratex] — enterprise data storage subsystems and network technology; formed in a management buy-out from IBM.
*1995 Advantis (Advanced Value-Added Networking Technology of IBM & Sears, a voice and data network company). Joint Venture with IBM holding 70%, Sears holding 30%. AT&T acquired the infrastructure portion of Advantis in 1999, becoming the AT&T Global Network. IBM retained the business and strategic outsourcing portions of the joint venture.
*1994 Federal Systems Division sold to Loral becoming Loral Federal Systems. The Federal Systems Division performed work for NASA.
*1996 Celestica — Electronic Manufacturing Services (EMS).
*1999 Dominion Semiconductor (DSC) IBM sells its 50% share to JV partner Toshiba. DSC becomes a wholly-owned subsidiary of Toshiba.
*2001 Information Services Extended department, developer of specialized databases and software for telephone directory assistance, is spun off to form privately-held company ISx, Inc (later sold to [http://www.localmatters.com Local Matters] ).
*2002 on December 31, 2002, IBM sold its HDD business to Hitachi Global Storage Technologies for approximately $2 billion. Hitachi Global Storage Technologies now provides many of the hardware storage devices formerly provided by IBM, including IBM Harddrives & The Microdrive. IBM continues to develop storage systems, including tape backup, storage software and enterprise storage.
*December, 2004 — Lenovo Group acquires 90% interest in IBM Personal Systems Group, 10,000 employees and $9 billion in revenue.
*2006 April 3, 2006, Web analytics provider Coremetrics acquired SurfAid Analytics, a standalone division of IBM Global Services. The deal was said to be in the "eight-figure" range, making it worth at least $10 million.
*2007 January 25, 3-year joint venture with IBM Printing Systems division and Ricoh to form new Ricoh-owned subsidiary, InfoPrint Solutions Company, for $725 million.Check point

ee also

*
* Friden Flexowriter [http://www.blinkenlights.com/classiccmp/friden/bmast.txt]

References

* [http://www.ibm.com/investor/company/acquisitions.phtml IBM list of notable acquisitions]