John Whiteaker

Infobox Governor
name= John Whiteaker


imagesize=180px
caption=
order=1^st
office= Governor of Oregon
term_start= July 8, 1858
term_end= September 10 1862
lieutenant=
predecessor= George Law Curry
(Territorial Governor)
successor= A. C. Gibbs
state2= Oregon
district2 = ushr|Oregon|AL|At-large
term2= March 4 1879-March 3 1881
preceded2= Richard Williams
succeeded2= Melvin Clark George
office3= Speaker of the Oregon House of Representatives
term3= 1868-1869
preceded3= F. A. Chenoweth
succeeded3= Benjamin Hayden
birth_date= birth date|1820|5|4|mf=y
birth_place= Dearborn County, Indiana
death_date= death date|1902|10|2|mf=y
death_place= Eugene, Oregon
spouse= Nancy Jane Whiteaker
profession= Farmer
party= Democrat
footnotes=Inaugurated in 1858, but did not assume office until statehood bill passed in February 1859.

John Whiteaker (May 4, 1820-October 2, 1902) was an American politician, a Democrat, and served as the first state Governor of Oregon from 1859 until 1862.

Born in Dearborn County, Indiana to farmers, Whiteaker only spent six months of formal schooling, and as a result, was almost entirely self-educated. Before moving west, he had performed odd jobs, carpentry, and volunteered for military service during the Mexican War, although his unit was never called into battle. In 1849, he joined the California Gold Rush, earning enough to move his family to a farm in Lane County, Oregon. Once in Oregon he became active in Democratic Party activities, Elected to office first as Judge of the Probate Court for Lane County (1856), then as a legislator in the Territorial Legislature in 1857.

Governorship

Oregon was preparing for statehood in 1857, as voters had just approved a state constitution. Whiteaker was selected as a Democratic faction's nominee in the first state gubernatorial election, held in June 1858. Whiteaker won by a margin of 1,138, and was inaugurated July 8, 1858. He did not assume office until word that Congress had passed Oregon's statehood bill on February 14, 1859. Technically, Oregon had two governors in the interim, as Territorial Governor George Law Curry, was legally in charge until the state government-in-waiting was legally empowered to take control.

Once in office, the new governor set out to untangle the large amounts of land claims and counter claims on public lands. He also promoted economic policies favoring home industries, products that Oregonians could make self-sufficiently. Although nicknamed "Honest John", this did not deflect his controversial stands on issues of national importance. Whiteaker held pro-slavery views which did not sit well with a population mostly in the abolitionist camp. Opponents often used this to attack him as a traitor as the United States descended into the Civil War.

Whiteaker was not nominated again by the Democrats in the 1862 election, and thus left office. He did stay in local politics, winning three terms as a state representative (1866-1870), and election to the State Senate in 1870. During the 1868 session he served as Speaker of the Oregon House of Representatives. [ [http://bluebook.state.or.us/state/elections/elections34.htm Speakers of the House of Representatives of Oregon.] "Oregon Blue Book". Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved on May 30 2008.]

Election to Congress and "Whiteaker's Ride"

Whiteaker was elected to Congress in 1878, as Oregon's Representative-at large. The Democrats had been weakened in the House, and needed one vote to prevail in their nominee for Speaker of the House. The vote was needed by March 18, 1879. Whiteaker, already on his way to Washington, received word of this urgency while on a steamer between Portland and San Francisco, California. Upon docking in San Francisco on March 12th, he was met by a railroad agent, and rushed to a special Central Pacific Railroad express train at Oakland. The regular transcontinental train was 25 hours out of Oakland, but Whiteaker's train managed to catch up with it. He arrived in Washington on the morning of March 18th, in enough time to be promptly seated by Congress and cast his vote.

The trip cost $1500 at the time, an expense widely criticized by the Democrat's political opposition and the media. Many referred to it as "Whiteaker's ride".fact|date=May 2008

In 1880, Whiteaker ran for re-election to Congress, but was defeated by Republican Melvin Clark George by 1,379 votes.cite book|title=Biennial Report of the Secretary of State of the State of Oregon|last=Kincaid|first=H. R.|authorlink=Harrison R. Kincaid|date=1899|publisher=W. H. Leeds|location=Salem, Oregon|pages=p. 235|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=K3A4AAAAMAAJ&pg=RA3-PA23&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=0_0#PRA3-PA235,M1] Following his defeat, he retired to his farm near Eugene.

Later life

John Whiteaker would be called back into politics one more time, in 1885 when President Grover Cleveland appointed him as Oregon's Collector of Revenues at the U.S. Customs House in Portland. After 1890, moved back to Eugene, purchasing 10 city blocks in the central city. The plat, Whiteaker's Addition, is commonly known as the Whiteaker neighborhood. [http://www.whiteakercc.org/] He stayed in Eugene until his death in 1902.

ources

* [http://www.osl.state.or.us/home/lib/governors/jw.htm Oregon State Library]
* Klooster, Karl. "Round the Roses II: More Past Portland Perspectives", pg. 98, 1992 ISBN 0-9619847-1-6

External links

* [http://arcweb.sos.state.or.us/governors/whiteaker/message.html Whiteaker's Governor's Message 1862 at Oregon State Archives]
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