Siberian Spruce

Taxobox
name = Siberian Spruce
status = LR/lc | status_system = IUCN2.3
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Pinophyta
classis = Pinopsida
ordo = Pinales
familia = Pinaceae
genus = "Picea"
species = "P. obovata"
binomial = "Picea obovata"
binomial_authority = Ledeb.

Siberian Spruce ("Picea obovata", syn. "Picea abies" subsp. "obovata") is a spruce native to Siberia, from the Ural Mountains east to Magadan Oblast, and from the arctic tree line south to the Altay Mountains in northwestern Mongolia.

It is a medium-sized evergreen tree growing to 15-35 m tall, and with a trunk diameter of up to 1.5 m, and a conical crown with drooping branchlets. The shoots are orange-brown, with variably scattered to dense pubescence. The leaves are needle-like, 1-2 cm long, rhombic in cross-section, shiny green to grayish-green with inconspicuous stomatal lines; the leaves subtending a bud are distinctively angled out at a greater angle than the rest of the leaves (a character shared by only two or three other spruces). The cones are cylindric-conic, 5-10 cm long and 1.5-2 cm broad, green or purple, maturing glossy brown 4-6 months after pollination, and have stiff, smoothly rounded scales.

Siberian Spruce and Norway Spruce ("Picea abies") have turned out to be extremely similar
genetically and should be considered as two closely related subspecies of "P. abies" [Krutovskii, K.V. & Bergmann, F.: "Introgressive hybridization and phylogenetic relationships between Norway, Picea abies (L.) Karst., and Siberian, P. obovata Ledeb., spruce species studied by isozyme loci." - Heredity 74 (1995): 464-480. http://www.nature.com/hdy/journal/v74/n5/pdf/hdy199567a.pdf ] .

Siberian Spruce hybridises extensively with Norway Spruce where the two species (or subspecies) meet in northeastern Europe; trees over a broad area from extreme northeast Norway and northern Finland east to the Ural Mountains are classified as the hybrid "Picea × fennica" (Regel) Komarov (or "P. × "subsp." fennica", if the two taxa are considered subspecies); they differ from typical "P. obovata" from east of the Urals in having cones with less smoothly rounded, often triangular-pointed, scales.

Uses

It is an important timber tree in Russia, the wood being used for general construction and paper making. The leaves are used to make spruce beer.

References

*
* [http://www.conifers.org/pi/pic/obovata.htm Gymnosperm Database: "Picea obovata"]
*Farjon, A. (1990). "Pinaceae: Drawings and Descriptions of the Genera". Koeltz Scientific. ISBN 3-87429-298-3 [North America] .
*Staff of the Bailey Hortorium (2000). "Hortus Third". Barnes and Noble Books. ISBN 0-7607-2116-5 p.871.