- Attributional bias
In
psychology , an attributional bias is acognitive bias that affects the way we determine who or what was responsible for an event or action ("attribution").Attributional biases typically take the form of "actor/observer differences": people involved in an action ("actors") view things differently from people not involved ("observers"). These discrepancies are often caused by asymmetries in availability (frequently called "
salience " in this context). For example, the behavior of an actor is easier to remember (and therefore more available for later consideration) than the setting in which he found himself; and a person's own inner turmoil is more available to himself than it is to someone else. As a result, our judgments of attribution are often distorted along those lines.In some experiments, for example, subjects were shown only one side of a conversation or were able to see the face of only one of the conversational participants. Whomever the subjects had a better view of were judged by them as being more important and more influential, and as having had a greater role in the conversation.
Perhaps the best known attributional bias is the
fundamental attribution error .List of attributional biases
*
Actor-observer bias
*Egocentric bias
*False consensus effect
*Free Will bias
*Fundamental attribution error
*Group attribution error
*Group-serving bias
*Hedonistic relevance
*Negativity effect
*Positivity effect
*Positive outcome bias
*Self-serving bias
*Trait ascription bias ee also
*
Attribution theory
*Causal oversimplification
*Causality
*List of cognitive biases References
* Block, J., & Funder, D. C. (1986). Social roles and social perception: Individual differences in attribution and "error." "
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology ", 51, 1200-1207.External links
* [https://www.cia.gov/csi/books/19104/art14.html Psychology of Intelligence Analysis: Biases in Perception of Cause and Effect]
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