Chrysallidinae

Taxobox
name = Chrysallidinae


image_width = 240px
image_caption =
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Mollusca
classis = Gastropoda
subclassis = Orthogastropoda
ordo = Heterostropha
superfamilia = Pyramidelloidea
familia = Pyramidellidae
subfamilia = Chrysallidinae
subfamilia_authority = Saurin, 1958
subdivision_ranks = Genera
subdivision = See text.

Chrysallidinae is a taxonomic group of very small sea snails, one of eleven recognized subfamilies of the gastropod family Pyramidellidae (according to the taxonomy of Ponder & Lindberg 1997). (The other 10 subfamilies are Odostomiinae, Turbonillinae, Cingulininae, Cyclostremellinae, Sayellinae, Syrnolinae, Eulimellinae, Pyramidellinae, Odostomellinae and Tiberiinae.)

However, in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), this subfamily has been downgraded to the rank of tribe Chrysallidini Saurin, 1958 in the subfamily Pyramidellinae Gray, 1840 .

According to Schander, Van Aartsen & Corgan (1999) there are 47 genera in this subfamily, four additional genera may also be a part of this taxon.

Genera in the subfamily Chrysallidinae

* "Chrysallida" Carpenter, 1856 (Type genus)
* "Babella" Dall, & Bartsch, 1906
* "Bartrumella" Laws, 1940
* "Besla" Dall & Bartsch, 1904
* "Boonea" Robertson, 1978
* "Egila" Dall, & Bartsch, 1904
* "Euparthenia" Thiele, 1929
* "Eupyrgulina" Melvill, 1910
* "Eurathea" Laseron, 1959
* "Evalina" Dall & Bartsch, 1904
* "Fargoa" Bartsch, 1955
* "Folinella" Dall, & Bartsch, 1904
* "Gurmatia" Dance & Eames, 1966
* "Haldra" Dall, & Bartsch, 1904
* "Hinemoa" Oliver, 1915
* "Iolaea" A. Adams, 1867
* "Ivara" Dall & Bartsch in Arnold, 1903
* "Kleinella" A. Adams, 1860
* "Laseronella" Whitley, 1959
* "Levipyrgulina" Laws, 1941
* "Linopyrga" Laws, 1941
* "Menesthella" Nomura, 1939
* "Menestho" Möller, 1842
* "Miralda" A. Adams 1863
* "Miraldella" Bartsch, 1955
* "Monotygma" J. E. Gray, 1847
* "Mumiola" A. Adams, 1863
* "Numaegilina" Nomura, 1938
* "Oscilla" A. Adams, 1861
* "Parthenina" Bucquoy, Dauzenberg & Dollfus, 1883
* "Partulida" Schafuss, 1869
* "Perparthenina" Nordsieck, 1972
* "Polemicella" Saurin, 1959
* "Prestonella" Saurin, 1958
* "Pseudoscilla" Boettger, 1901
* "Pukeuria" Laws, 1941
* "Pyrgulina" A. Adams, 1863b
* "Quirella" Laseron, 1959
* "Ravnostomia" Adegoke, 1977
* "Salassia" De Folin, 1870
* "Salassiella" Dall & Bartsch, 1909
* "Siogamaia" Nomura, 1936
* "Standeniella" Saurin, 1958
* "Strioturbonilla" Sacco, 1892
* "Trabecula" Monterosato, 1884
* "Tragula" Monterosato, 1884
* "Waikura" Marwick, 1931

Genera likely to reside in the subfamily Chrysallidinae

* "Raulinia" Mayer, 1864
* "Rugadentia" Laseron, 1951
* "Stylopyramis" Thiele, 1929
* "Taphrostomia" Cossmann, 1921

Distribution

This family is found worldwide, from the tropics to the Arctic.

hell description

The shell of these snails has a blunt, heterostrophic protoconch, which is often wrapped up. The texture of these shells is sculptured in various forms such as ribs and spirals. Their color is mostly white, cream or yellowish. The teleoconch is coiled, but the larval shells are . This results in a sinistrally coiled protoconch. The columella has one, spiral fold. The aperture is closed by an operculum.

Life habits

The Chrysallidinae are ectoparasites, feeding mainly on other molluscs and on annelid worms.

They do not have a radula. Instead their long proboscis is used to pierce the skin of its prey and suck up its fluids and soft tissues. The eyes on the grooved tentacles are situated toward the base of the tentacles. Between the head and the foot, a lobed process called the mentum ( = thin projection) is visible.

These molluscs are hermaphrodites, laying eggs in jelly-like masses on the shell of its host.

References

* cite journal
author = Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.-P.
year = 2005
date=
title = Classification and Nomenclator of Gastropod Families
journal = Malacologia
volume =47
issue = 1-2
pages = 1–397
issn =
doi =
* cite journal
author = Ponder, W.F. & Lindberg, D. R.
year = 1997
date=
title = Towards a phylogeny of gastropod molluscs: an analysis using morphological characters
journal = Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
volume =119
issue =
pages = 88–265
issn =
doi =
* cite journal
author = Saurin, E.
year = 1958
date=
title = Pyramidellidae de Pho-Hai (Sud Viet-Nam)
journal = Annales de la Faculté des Sciences de Saigon
volume =35
issue =
pages = 63–86
issn =
doi =
* cite journal
author = Schander, C., van Aartsen, J. J., Corgan, J. C.
year = 1999
date=
title = Families and genera of the Pyramidelloidea (Mollusca: Gastropoda)
journal = Bollettino Malacologico
volume =34
issue = 9-12
pages = 145–166
issn =
doi =