Squaw Creek National Wildlife Refuge

Infobox_protected_area
name = Squaw Creek National Wildlife Refuge
iucn_category = IV

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caption = Map of the United States
locator_x = 152
locator_y = 79
location = United States
nearest_city =Mound City, Missouri
lat_degrees = 40
lat_minutes = 4
lat_seconds = 7.6
lat_direction =N
long_degrees = 95
long_minutes = 13
long_seconds = 33.97
long_direction = W
area = convert|3400|acre|km2|0
established = 1935
visitation_num =
visitation_year = 2004
governing_body = U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Squaw Creek National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge in northwestern Missouri, USA, established in 1935 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt as a refuge and breeding ground for migratory birds and other wildlife.

The refuge comprises convert|7350|acre|km2|0 along the eastern edge of the Missouri River floodplain south of Mound City, Missouri in Holt County, Missouri.The refuge is bounded by the Loess Hills on the east with a trail going to the top built originally by the Civilian Conservation Corps. The most dramatic moments at the refuge occur during the spring and fall migrations when hundreds of thousands of ducks and geese (particularly snow geese) on the Central Flyway pass through the refuge. As many as 475 bald eagles have been sighted on the refuge in the winter. The refuge annually celebrates the eagle visits with "Eagle Days" celebrations.

The refuge derives its name from Squaw Creek, a stream originating about convert|30|mi|km|0 north in Nodaway County, Missouri that is dammed to form the reservoirs. The creek is the biggest of the two main creeks that feed the refuge and parallels the road on the west. Davis Creek, the next biggest creek, parallels the east side road. They merge with the Little Tarkio Creek just south of the refuge in a man made ditch leading five miles (8 km) to the Missouri River.

The land which had always been wetlands used by migratory foul had earlier been used as a private hunting preserve. Today ducks and geese are protected at the refuge but several hunting preserves are just outside its boundaries. [ [http://www.fws.gov/midwest/planning/squawcreek/FinalCCP/chapter_3.pdf Squaw Creek National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan] ]

Among the construction at the refuge were 15 impoundments totaling convert|3400|acre|km2|0, construction of convert|14|mi|km|0 of dikes and levees and convert|11|mi|km|0 of ditches.

The headquarters area includes a 100-seat auditorium and convert|875|sqft|m2|0 of exhibit space (the University of Missouri also has Squaw Creek exhibits as does the St. Joseph Museum in St. Joseph, Missouri, which has a Squaw Creek diorama). A convert|0.25|mi|km|2|sing=on trail built by the Civilian Conservation Corps climbs convert|200|ft|m|-1 vertically to a refuge overlook from which you can see Missouri, Kansas, and Nebraska.

A convert|10|mi|km|0|sing=on gravel road travels around the edge of the refuge. The refuge reports that 134,245 visited in 2001 with 41,683 at the headquarters.

Changing the name of Squaw which was toyed with at one time is not an active point of contention with Native Americans. The Iowa (tribe) who operate the Casino White Cloud on a reservation in neighboring White Cloud, Kansas in 2004 re-opened the Squaw Creek Truck Plaza, which was a landmark at the refuge exit on Interstate 29 that had been shuttered for several years. [ [http://dnr.missouri.gov/env/wpp/permits/issued/0103683.pdf Missouri Department of Natural Resources Permit MO-0103683] ]

References

External links

* [http://www.fws.gov/midwest/SquawCreek/ Official website]
* [http://www.squawcreek.org/ Friends of Squaw Creek]