- Battle of Monte Porzio
Infobox Military Conflict
conflict=Battle of Monte Porzio
partof=
caption=
date=29 May 1167
place=Between the hill ofMonte Porzio Catone and the walls of the city ofTusculum , the field of "Prataporci", modernLazio
result=Imperial victory
combatant1=Holy Roman Empire army
combatant2=Romancity-state (Commune of Rome ) army
commander1=Christian of Buch Rainald of Dassel
commander2=Oddo Frangipani
strength1=1,600 men
strength2=10,000 men
casualties1=Unknown
casualties2=UnknownThe Battle of Monte Porzio or Battle of Tusculum was fought on29 May 1167 , Whit Sunday, between the Holy Roman Empire and the city of Rome between a small hill outside the city ofTusculum and the city walls, at a place called "Prataporci", about 15 miles southeast of Rome. In the historical book "Chronica Universalis",Sicardo wrote about the site of battle:"...apud Montem Portium".The army of the "
Commune of Rome ", called the "greatest army which Rome had sent into the field in centuries" [Gregorovius . "Rome in the Middle Ages Vol. IV Part 1". trans. Annie Hamilton. pg 580.] was defeated by the forces of theHoly Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and the local princes of Tusculum and Albano.Background
The Battle of Monte Porzio is part of the long struggle between the Italian city-states and the Holy Roman Empire.
In 1166, Barbarossa set out on an expedition to
Italy with the intent of deposing the antimperialistPope Alexander III and setting up hisantipope , Paschal III, in theLateran . Holy Roman Prince-electorsArchchancellor Rainald of Dassel ,Archbishop of Cologne , andChristian of Buch ,Archbishop of Mainz , were sent intoLatium (a region in central Italy around Rome) to take thecity-state s that opposed the power of the emperor.On
18 May , Rainald tookCivita Vecchia and then moved on to friendly Tusculum, possibly at the urging ofRaino, Count of Tusculum . The "Roman communal forces" had meanwhile been harassing Tusculum, though Pope Alexander urged them to abstain from this. Following the arrival of Rainald, the Communal Consul of Rome sent an army to besiege the archchancellor in their ancient rival city.Consequently, Raino and Rainald sent word to Christian, who was then besieging
Ancona . Among Christian's army wereAlexander II, Bishop of Liège , andRobert III of Loritello . According toRomuald of Salerno , also present with Christian's army wasAndrew of Rupecanina . Christian's army consisted of about 1,300 troops. According toOtto of St. Blasien , this was a combination of 500 "milites " and 800 "caesarianos". Otto also wrote there were 300 men in Tusculum. Other chroniclers claimed the Holy Roman Emperor had 1,000 cavalry and some Brabantine mercenaries. The lowest total estimate for Christian's forces was 500 men.Battle
Christian encamped his army beside the hill and rested for a day while trying to negotiate a resolution. The Communal Roman army refused Christian's diplomatic overtures and instead attacked with their whole force, numbering 10,000 men, [A city with a population of 30,000 could not have had 40,000 soldiers.] on
Whitsunday , but they were badly armed. The name of the leader of the Roman force has not been preserved, but it may have beenOddo Frangipani . The imperial forces were gravely outnumbered, but they prepared for battle anyway. The Brabançons were quickly routed, but the cavalry fromCologne stood up to the Roman infantry. Two charges from Tusculum divided the Romans: one hitting their flank and one running through the centre. The Roman cavalry fled the field and the Brabançons descended on the Roman camp. A third of the Roman host made it into the city walls before nightfall. Thousands were eventually taken prisoner and sent toViterbo (including a son of Oddo Frangipani) and more left dead on the field and the road.Aftermath
The pope and Oddo took refuge in the
Coliseum and called in reinforcements. The city prepared for a siege. Later the pope fled to the city ofBenevento and the emperor captured Rome. The army of Emperor Frederick, however, was hit hard by an epidemic (malaria or plague) and he had to withdraw his forces to Germany.ee also
* Medieval Rome
Notes
ources
*Gregorovius, Ferdinand. "Rome in the Middle Ages Vol. IV Part 1". trans. Annie Hamilton. 1905.
*"Ottonis de Sancto Blasio Chronica". trans. G. A. Loud.
* [http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/SOURCES/tusculum.htm The Battle of Tusculum, 1167.]
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