Yaranga

Yaranga is a tent-like traditional mobile home of some nomadic Northern indigenous peoples of Russia, such as Chukchi and Siberian Yupik.

Yaranga is a cone-shaped or rounded reindeer-hide tent. [Countries and Their Cultures - "Chukchi:" [http://www.everyculture.com/wc/Norway-to-Russia/Chukchi.html "Living Conditions"] ] It is built of a light wooden frame covered with reindeer skins or canvas sewn together.

The word "yaranga" comes from the Chukchi language. [Collis, Dirmid R. F. "Arctic Languages: An Awakening". Unesco, 1990. [http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0008/000861/086162e.pdf "page 72"] ] In Russian use, the terms chum, yurt and yaranga may be used indiscriminately.

Chukchi

It is built of a light wooden frame covered with reindeer skins sewn together. A medium-size yaranga requires about 50 skins.

A large yaranga is hard to heat completely up. There is a smaller cabin built inside in it, that can be kept warm and cosy.cite web |title=Chukchi art |url=http://dinets.travel.ru/chukart.htm]

Siberian Yupik

The largest of Siberian Yupik peoples, the Chaplino Eskimos (Ungazigmit) had a round, dome-shaped building for winter. It is called "yaranga" in the literature, the same word referring also to the similar building of the Chukchi. In the language of Chaplino Eskimos (the largest of Siberian Yupik languages), its name was IPA|/mɨŋtˈtɨʁaq/.Рубцова 1954: 514] Its framework was made of posts.Рубцова 1954: 515] Canvas was be used for the covering the framework. The yaranga was surrounded by sod or planking at the lower part. There was a smaller cabin inside it at its back part, used for sleeping and living. It was separated from the outer, cooler parts of the yaranga with haired reindeer skins and grass, supported by a cage-like framework. In their own language, it was called IPA|/aːɣra/, a word borrowed from Chukchi language. But the household works were done in the room of the yaranga in front of this inner building, and also many household utensils were kept there. In winter storms, and at night also the dogs were there. This room for economical purposes was called IPA|/naˈtɨk/.Рубцова 1954: 100–101]

There were also other types of buildings among Chaplino Eskimos: IPA|/aːwχtaq/ was a modernized type, [Рубцова 1954: 518–520] and IPA|/pəˈlʲ̥uk/ was used for summer. [Рубцова 1954: 521]

See also

* Tipi

Notes

References

Latin

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Cyrillic

* The transliteration of author's name, and the rendering of title in English: cite book |last=Rubcova |first=E. S. |title=Materials on the Language and Folklore of the Eskimoes, Vol. I, Chaplino Dialect |publisher=Academy of Sciences of the USSR |location=Moscow • Leningrad |year=1954

External links

Chukchi yaranga

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Siberian Yupik dwelling

* Rendering in English: "Ungazik settlement", Kunstkamera, Russian Academy of Sciences. Old photos about former life of a Siberian Yupik settlement, including those of a various house types, both inside and outside.

Siberian Yupik yarangas

Outside

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Inside

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Modernization of dwelling among Siberian Yupik

Right-angled yaranga

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Beyond yarangas: modern houses

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