Extempo

Extempo (also extempo calypso) is a lyrically improvised form of calypso and is most notably practised in Trinidad and Tobago. It consists of a performer improvising in song or in rhythmic speech on a given theme before an audience who themselves take turns to perform. It is inherently competitive and success is judged by the wit and ingenuity of the performance.

It is similar in form to what has been defined as traditional African song: "a recitative or chants with a short chorus. The soloist gives the melody while a chorus sings a refrain. As the melody is given out, they turn to one another, each improvising in turn. Extempo tends to comprise topics from current events treated with mockery, ridicule and sarcasm, or with flattery or praise.” [http://www.visittnt.com/codn2k5/content.asp?s=5&p=5 1]

The Art of Extempo

It is characterised either by the “single tone”, consisting of four-line stanzas or the “double tone”, which has eight line stanzas. There are four basic melodies common to extempo; “Santimanitay”, “Matilda”, “Miss Mary Ann” and “Big Bamboo.” The most widely used is Santimanitay. Another characteristic of extempo is that the performer must be able to think quickly on his feet since the subjects are handed out on the spot and the lyrics are improvised.

Extempo war

The competitive nature of extempo is reflected in the annual Trinidad Carnival with a formal extempo competition for the title of National Extempo Monarch. Extempo War, or warring, is the practise of competitors attacking each others efforts at extempo in the course of their own performance. It is not an essential part of competition, but is a regular feature, and an entertaining one.

Extempo war may also be called simply Calypso War.

Not all extempo performance is competitive. Away from competition formal roles for extempo performers are typically as MCs or hosts at private functions.

Related oral/musical traditions

It is similar to the United States tradition of 'yo mama' or the dozens in its competitive aspect but may be distinguished in that the aim is not to improvise humorous abuse to an opponent incorporating a given form of words, but to entertain an audience of ones competitors while extemporising on a given theme. The abuse or sarcasm may be directed either at ones competitors or at subjects relevant to that theme, ideally both.

It is also similar to the United States tradition of freestyle rap.

Notable Extempo Artists

* Lord Pretender
* Big B
* Black Sage
* Gypsy
* Lady Africa
* Lord Relator (Willard C. Harris)
* Shortpants (Llewllyn Macintosh)

External links

* [http://www.visittnt.com/codn2k5/content.asp?s=5&p=5 Trinidad & Tobago Carnival: the origins of extempo]
* [http://www.tuco.co.tt/ Trinidad & Tobago Unified Calypsonians Organisation)]
* [http://www.brotherresistance.com/ Brother Resistance, Extempo and Rapso artist)]
* [http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com/worldmusic/view/page.basic/glossary/content.glossary/extempo Glossary: National Geographic World Music]
* [http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0670855464 "Seriously Funny: From the Ridiculous to the Sublime" by Howard Hacobson (1997 book: study of comedy referencing extempo)]
* [http://www.allmovie.com/cg/avg.dll?p=avg&sql=1:270077 "Seriously Funny: An Argument for Comedy" UK TV series]