Vorkuta

Vorkuta ( _ru. Воркута́, _kv. Вӧркута, "Vörkuta"; Nenets for "Place teems with bears") is a coal mining town in the Komi Republic, Russia, situated just north of the Arctic circle in the Pechora coal basin at the Usa river. Its population as of the 2002 census was 84,917. It had its origin in one of the more notorious forced labour camps of the Gulag which was established in 1932. It was at Vorkuta, in 1937, that the Stalinist regime in the 1930s completed the physical liquidation of the Trotskyist Left Opposition.

In 1941 the town and the labor camp system based around it were connected to the rest of the world by a prisoner-built railroad linking Konosha and Kotlas, and the camps of Inta. Vorkuta became a city on November 26, 1943. It was the largest centre of Gulag camps in European Russia and served as administrative centre for a large number of smaller camps and sub-camps, among them Kotlas, Pechora, and Izhma (modern Sosnogorsk). In 1953 the town witnessed a major uprising by the camp inmates, in the so-called Vorkuta Uprising. Like other camp uprisings (such as the Kengir uprising), it was bloodily quelled by the Red Army and the NKVD. Afterwards, in the 1950s, many of the Gulag camps were disbanded. However, it is reported that some in the Vorkuta area continued to operate into the 1980s.

By the early part of the 21st century many of the mines have been closed as problems with high costs of operations have plagued the mine operators. At one time during the late 1980s and 1990s there were labor actions in the area by miners who had not been paid for a year. [cite web
url=http://www.aha.ru/~mgo/vorkuta.htm
title=Vorkuta Miners Hold Authorities PrisonersAT THE SAME TIME IN INTA,
publisher=www.aha.ru
accessdate=2008-07-18
last=
first=]

The city is served by Vorkuta Airport. During the Cold War an Arctic Control Group forward staging base for strategic bombers was located at Vorkuta Sovetskiy. [cite web
url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/vorkuta.htm
title=Vorkuta
publisher=www.globalsecurity.org
accessdate=2008-07-18
last=
first=]

Footnotes

External links

* [http://smisdata.iki.rssi.ru/noaa-cgi/stat_reg.pl?db=noaa&region=vorkuta Satellite images of the Vorkuta region]
* Contemporary photographs - Vorkuta city
** [http://www.usmra.com/members/rustam/070400/vorkuta.html Contemporary photographs of the city on the webpage of the local mine rescue association]
** [http://www.sll.fi/mpe/yugudva/vorkutaphotos/index.html Photos from Vorkuta, 1996]
** [http://wwwedu.oulu.fi/sos/tundra/kuvia.htm Links to photos of Vorkuta and Usinsk, 1998]
** [http://www.kmp.vslib.cz/lide/hrus/hory/rusko2005/galerie.php?gal=vorkuta Rusko 2005 – Galerie: Vorkuta] cs icon
* Historical photographs
** [http://www.okupatsioon.ee/english/photos/anal6.html Fotod]
** [http://www.videofact.com/english/gulags_pictures1.htm Gulag report - Vorkuta]
** [http://www.hi.is/~oi/Siberia%20photos/14%20-Gulag%20settlement%20outside%20Vorkuta.jpgGulag settlement outside Vorkuta]
* Other photographs
** [http://www.hansrossel.com/fotos/fotografie/rusland/rus_d3352.htm Wooden crosses of the German prisoners of the Gulag]
** [http://maurice.strahlen.org/timan/vorkuta_coal_mines.htm Vorkuta coal mines]
** [http://vnd-vorkuta.h11.ru/Foto/Poselki.htm Places and mines - Vorkuta] ru icon

"Adapted from the article [http://www.wikinfo.org/wiki.phtml?title=Vorkuta Vorkuta] , from Wikinfo, licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License."