Teréz Brunszvik

Teréz Brunszvik
Countess Teréz Brunszvik (1775-1861)
The native form of this personal name is korompai Brunszvik Teréz grófnő. This article uses the Western name order.

Countess Teréz Brunszvik de Korompa (Therese Countess von Brunsvik or Brunswick) (* July 27, 1775, Pozsony, Kingdom of Hungary; + September 23, 1861, Pest, Kingdom of Hungary) was a member of the Hungarian nobility, pedagoge and a follower of the Swiss Pestalozzi. Her father was the Hungarian count Anton Brunszvick and her mother was the baroness Anna Seeberg.; her siblings were Franz, Josephine and Charlotte.

She was the founder of nursery schools in Hungary on July 1, 1828,[1][2] after Robert Owen's example set in New Lanark, Scotland in 1816. Soon the pre-school institution became famous all over Hungary and in 1837, Friedrich Fröbel founded the first "kindergarten" in Germany. She launched the Women's Association in Buda and Pest and initiated an institution for educating women and consistently supported their equality.

One of Ludwig van Beethoven's students, Therese was the dedicatee for his Piano Sonata No. 24 in F♯ major, Opus 78, nicknamed "A Thérèse", and some scholars and writers have speculated that she - not her sister Josephine - may have been the "Immortal Beloved".[3] Her memoirs were first published by La Mara[4], and her diaries and notes (up to 1813) by Marianne Czeke,[5] both revealing much about the relations between Beethoven and the Brunsvik familiy, in particular her sister Josephine.

References

  1. ^ Public Preschool Education In Hungary: A Historical Survey, 1980
  2. ^ Vag, Otto (March 1975). "The Influence of the English Infant School in Hungary". International Journal of Early Childhood (Springer) 7 (1): 132–136. http://www.springerlink.com/content/9248527032015273/. 
  3. ^ Mariam Tenger (1890): Beethoven’s Unsterbliche Geliebte. Bonn: Nusser. Wolfgang A Thomas-San-Galli (1910): Beethoven und die unsterbliche Geliebte: Amalie Sebald, Goethe, Therese Brunswik und anderes; mit Benutzung unbekannten Materials. Munich: Wunderhorn. Romain Rolland (1928): Beethoven the Creator. The Great Creative Epochs: I. From the Eroica to the Appassionata. [Beethoven. Les grandes époques créatrices. I. De l’Héroïque à l’Appassionata.] Transl. Ernest Newman. New York: Garden City. Elliot Forbes (1967, ed.): Thayer’s Life of Beethoven. 2nd ed. Princeton: University Press.
  4. ^ La Mara (1909) [Ida Maria Lipsius]: Beethovens Unsterbliche Geliebte. Das Geheimnis der Gräfin Brunsvik und ihre Memoiren. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel.
  5. ^ Marianne Czeke (1938): Brunszvik Teréz grófno naplói és feljegyzései. [Countess Therese Brunsvik's Diaries and Notes.] Vol. 1. Budapest.

External links


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