Spanish jazz

Jazz in Spain began with an interest in Dixieland or New Orleans jazz. In that time it evolved into other styles often influenced by visiting Americans. In 1947 Don Byas introduced Tete Montoliu to bebop and later efforts to fuse jazz with flamenco occurred. Catalan and Galician music is also an influence in some regions.

Still, jazz in Spain initially suffered from many difficulties. One example being that the cultural, political, and economic climate was unsuitable for the creativity and freedom required of a jazz movement. This predates Francisco Franco's regime to some extent, but his rule placed far more restraints on jazz, due in part to his regime's restrictions and in part due to Spain being isolated on various cultural fronts, preferring an inward-looking, more easily-digested form of culture. Thus, a particularly fruitful period for jazz in general - the period spanning the 40s, 50s and the early 60s - passed almost unnoticed in Spain. The return to democracy, and the development of the economy, has allowed for there to be an increased jazz scene in the last twenty years. [ [http://www.apoloybaco.com/directoriomusicosprincipal.htm Apoloybaco] ]

One particular feature of live jazz in Spain is the multitudinous attendance at outdoor jazz festivals, the first of which, the Donostia-San Sebastian Jazz Festival dates back to 1966. It would not be until the mid-70s, however, that major international figures would attend the festival, including, over the years, Charles Mingus, Tete Montoliu, Ella Fitzgerald, Oscar Peterson, Dizzy Gillespie, Herbie Hancock, Lionel Hampton, John Lee Hooker, Sonny Rollins, B.B. King, Woody Herman, Freddie Hubbard, Weather Report, Gato Barbieri, Art Blakey, Mercer Ellington, McCoy Tyner, Chick Corea, Clark Terry, and Miles Davis.

The festival held in Vitoria-Gasteiz, set up in 1977, also attracts major international names.

In a related vein Spanish classical or folk music has been an influence on jazz musicians both inside and outside of Spain. Concierto de Aranjuez by Joaquín Rodrigo has been interpreted by Miles Davis and, in a non-jazz version, by Paco de Lucía.

Recent years

Jazz festivals

*Festival de Jazz de Vitoria (Vitoria-Gasteiz) [http://www.jazzvitoria.com/]
*Festival de Jazz de San Sebastian (Donostia-San Sebastian) [http://www.jazzaldia.com]
*Festival de Jazz de Barcelona
*Festival de Jazz de Terrassa (Terrassa) [http://www.terrassa.com/]
*Festival de Jazz de Valencia
*Festival de Jazz de Madrid
* [http://www.atacdejazz.com/ Atacdejazz (Tarrega)]
* [http://www.iberojazz.com/ Iberojazz (A Coruña)]

Jazz clubs

Barcelona

* [http://www.masimas.com/jamboree/index.htm Jamboree: most famous Spanish jazz club]
* [http://jazzsiclub.tallerdemusics.com JazzSí Club Taller de Músics]
* [http://www.urbaanjazz.com/club_Barcelona_11_catala.html Harlem Jazz Club]
* [http://www.bel-luna.com/ Bel·luna]
* [http://www.restaurantelforo.com/ El Foro : Argentinian style restaurant. Jam session every Wednesday]
* [http://www.jazzterrassa.org/ Nova jazz cava (Terrassa)]
* [http://www.jazzcava.com/nova/index.html Jazz Cava (Vic)]
* Robadors 23- Barcelona

Madrid

* [http://www.calle54.net/ Calle 54]
* [http://www.populart.es/ Café Populart]
* [http://www.cafecentralmadrid.com/ Café central]
* [http://www.salaclamores.com/ Clamores]

Other Jazz clubs

* [http://www.bilbainajazzclub.org/ Bilbaina Jazz Club (Bilbao)]
* [http://www.sunsetjazz-club.com Sunset Jazz Club (Girona)]
* [http://www.keyboardjazzlounge.com Keyboard Jazz Lounge (Reus)]

Jazz musicians in Spain

*Ester Andújar - Singer [ [http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/musician.php?id=2208 All About jazz] ]
*Juan d'Anyelica - Guitarist in flamenco and jazz.
* Paloma Berganza - Singer [ [http://www.iemeve.com/musico.php?nombre=paloma_berganza website] ]
* Albert Bover - Pianist [ [http://www.jazzmagazine.com/Musique/espagnefich/espfich16.htm Jazz Magzine] ]
*Carme Canela - Singer [ [http://www.apoloybaco.com/carmecanelabiografia.htm Biografías del Jazz: Carme Canela ] ]
*Miguel Angel Chastang - Bassist [ [http://www.jazzmagazine.com/Musique/espagnefich/espfich12.htm Jazz Magzine] ]
*Alexis Cuadrado - Bassist [ [http://www.allaboutjazz.com/reviews/r1201_064.htm All About Jazz] ]
*Chano Domínguez - Pianist [ [http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1335845 NPR] ]
*Agustí Fernández - Barcelona based Pianist [ [http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/article.php?id=20509 All About jazz] ]
*José Luis Gámez - Guitarist [ [http://www.joseluisgamez.com/ Jose Luis Gamez's website] ] [ [http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/musician.php?id=2836 All About Jazz] ]
*Jesús Gabaldón - Bassist in jazz and rock [ [http://www.jesusgabaldon.com/ Jesús Gabaldón's website] ]
*Pedro Iturralde - Saxophonist in jazz and classical.
*Ramón López - Drummer, spent much of his life in France [ [http://www.tomajazz.com/musicos/lopez_ramon/#bio Tomajazz bio] ]
*Alberto Conde - Pianist. [ [http://www.albertoconde.com Alberto Conde website] ] [ [http://www.tomajazz.com/perfiles/conde_alberto_2007.htm Alberto Conde Tomajazz bio] ]
* Baldo Martínez - bassist [ [http://www.apoloybaco.com/baldomartinezbiografia.htm Apoloybaco bio] ] [ [http://www.jazzmagazine.com/Musique/espagnefich/espfich6.htm Jazz Magazine bio] ]
*David Mengual - bassist [ [http://www.tomajazz.com/clubdejazz/jazzpana/mengual_david.htm Tomajazz bio] ] [ [http://www.citizenjazz.com/article345679.html CitizenJazz bio] ] [ [http://www.jazzmagazine.com/Musique/espagnefich/espfich38.htm Jazz Magazine bio] ]
*Tete Montoliu - Pianist
*Benet Palet - Trumpeter
*Jorge Pardo - Saxophonist and flautist who worked with Chick Corea [ [http://www.chickcorea.com/rhumba_bios.html Chick Corea's website] ]
*Alberto Porro Carmona - Saxophonist.
*Mario Rossi- Samba and jazz [ [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:uh9as34ia3pg~T1 All Music] ]
*Jorge Rossy - Drummer who worked 10 years with the first trio of Brad Mehldau [ [http://www.crisscrossjazz.com/artist/RossyJorge.html Criss Cross Jazz] ]
*Perico Sambeat - Saxophonist, flamenco nominee in Latin Grammy Awards of 2005 [ [http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com/worldmusic/view/page.basic/artist/content.artist/gerardo_nunez___perico_sambeat_22336 National Geographic World Music site] ] [ [http://www.pericosambeat.com/eng/links%20top/curriculumeng.htm Perico Sambeat's website] ]
*Albert Sanz - Pianist [ [http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/article.php?id=14664 All About Jazz] ]
*Antonio Serrano (musician) - Harmonica [ [http://www.apoloybaco.com/antonioserranobiografia.htm Apoloybaco bio] ]
*Ximo Tebar - Guitarist [ [http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/musician.php?id=2207 All About Jazz] ]
*Ignasi Terraza - Pianist [ [http://www.apoloybaco.com/ignasiterrazadirectorio.htm Apoloybaco bio] ]
*David Xirgu - drummer [ [http://www.tomajazz.com/clubdejazz/jazzpana/xirgu_david.htm Tomajazz bio] ]

See also:

Web sources

References

* [http://www.urbaanjazz.com/index.php?ville=Barcelona&lang=catala Urbaanjazz - Barcelona: Jazz clubs agenda in Barcelona]
* [http://www.urbaanjazz.com/index.php?ville=Madrid&lang=castellano Urbaanjazz - Madrid: Jazz clubs agenda in Madrid]
* [http://www.tomajazz.com Tomajazz: Spanish jazz, articles, interviews, news, etc.]
* [http://www.apoloybaco.com/ Apoloybaco]
* [http://www.jazzmagazine.com/Musique/espagnefich/espfichsom.htm Jazz Magazine. Le jazz espagnol en fiches]
* [http://www.barcelonajazzradio.com Barcelonajazzradio. Contemporary jazz from Barcelona, Spain and rest of world.]