Prosthetic group

Prosthetic group

A prosthetic group is a non-protein (non-amino acid) component of a conjugated protein that is important in the protein's biological activity. [cite web |url=http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/bioinorg/PR.html#24 |title=Glossary of Terms Used in Bioinorganic Chemistry: Prosthetic groups |accessdate=2007-10-30 |last=de Bolster |first=M.W.G. |date=1997 |publisher=International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry] The prosthetic group may be organic (such as a vitamin, sugar, or lipid) or inorganic (such as a metal ion). Prosthetic groups are bound tightly to proteins and may even be attached through a covalent bond. They often play an important role in the function of enzymes. A protein without its prosthetic group is called an apoprotein, while a protein combined with its prosthetic group is called a holoprotein.

Prosthetic groups are a subset of cofactors and differ from coenzymes in that they bind permanently to the enzyme as opposed to temporarily for coenzymes. [cite web |url=http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/bioinorg/CD.html#34 |title=Glossary of Terms Used in Bioinorganic Chemistry: Cofactors |accessdate=2007-10-30 |last=de Bolster |first=M.W.G. |date=1997 |publisher=International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry] In enzymes, prosthetic groups are involved in the active site in some way.

The heme group in hemoglobin is a prosthetic group. Further examples of organic prosthetic groups are vitamin derivatives: thiamine (vitamin B1), thiamine pyrophosphate, pyridoxal-phosphate and biotin. Since prosthetic groups are often vitamins or made from vitamins, this is one of the reasons why vitamins are required in the human diet. Inorganic prosthetic groups are usually transition metal ions such as iron (in heme groups, for example in cytochrome c oxidase and hemoglobin), zinc (for example in carbonic anhydrase), magnesium (for example in some kinases), and molybdenum (for example in nitrate reductase).

List of prosthetic groups

References

ee also

*Cofactor (biochemistry)

External links

* [http://www.bio.mtu.edu/%7Ehlyoungs/BL4010/cofactors.ppt Cofactors PowerPoint lecture]


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  • prosthetic group — Biochem. the nonprotein acid constituent of a conjugate protein, as the heme group of hemoglobin. [1895 1900] * * * …   Universalium

  • prosthetic group — noun Biochemistry a non protein group forming part of or combined with a protein …   English new terms dictionary

  • prosthetic group — /prɒsˌθɛtɪk ˈgrup/ (say pros.thetik groohp) noun a non protein molecule which is combined with a protein, as the haem group in haemoglobin …  

  • prosthetic group — Biochem. the nonprotein acid constituent of a conjugate protein, as the heme group of hemoglobin. [1895 1900] …   Useful english dictionary

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