Canyon Lake (Texas)

infobox_lake
lake_name = Canyon Lake
image_lake = USACE Canyon Lake and Dam Texas.jpg
type = Flood control reservoir
caption_lake = Aerial view of Canyon Lake and Dam
location = Texas Hill Country, Texas
basin_countries= United States
coords = coord|29|52|53|N|98|14|24|W|type:waterbody_region:US-TX|display=inline,title
inflow = Guadalupe River
outflow = Guadalupe River
area = convert|8230|acre|km2|abbr=on
volume = convert|382000|acre.ft|km3|abbr=on|lk=on
residence_time =
shore = convert|80|mi|abbr=on
depth =
max-depth = convert|125|ft|abbr=on
elevation = convert|909|ft|abbr=on

Canyon Lake is a reservoir on the Guadalupe River in the Texas Hill Country in the United States. Canyon Lake is a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers reservoir formed on the Guadalupe River in Comal County by Canyon Dam, which is located about sixteen miles northwest of New Braunfels. The dam, lake, and all adjacent property are managed by the U.S. Army Corps Of Engineers. Water rights, waste water treatment, and hydroelectric generating facilities are managed by the Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority. Construction of the dam began in 1958 and was completed in 1964. C The reservoir serves to provide flood control and water conservation for the communities downstream from the dam. The lake is also a popular recreational destination.

Geography

Canyon Lake is located at coor dms|29|52|53|N|98|14|24|W|GR|1. It is located in northern Comal County, Texas, about 35 mi (56 km) northeast of San Antonio and 40 mi (64 km) southwest of Austin. Towns in the immediate vicinity of the lake include former city Canyon City, Hancock, Fischer, Sattler, Startzville and a census-designated place known as Canyon Lake, Texas. Larger towns nearby include New Braunfels and San Marcos.

History

Construction of Canyon Dam began in 1958 to provide both flood control and water conservation. Impoundment of the lake began in 1964, and the lake was filled to its conservation level in 1968.

Flood protection

Flood protection is provided for nearly 250 square miles (647 km²) of land downstream from Canyon Dam. The canyons of the upper Guadalupe River have a capacity to carry 40,000 - 50,000 cubic feet per second (1,100 - 1,400 m³/s) ; however, the channel on the lower Guadalupe River, downstream from the Balcones Escarpment, can carry only 13,000-30,000 cubic feet per second (400 - 800 m³/s). This has led to serious flooding in the lower Guadalupe River Basin, including a major flood in New Braunfels in 1972 which was caused by heavy rains just downstream from Canyon Dam.

Canyon Dam protected downstream areas from major floods in 1978, 1987, 1991, 1992 and 1997. A record flood in July 2002 overtopped the spillway by more than seven feet (2 m) and caused significant damage below Canyon Dam.

In the 2002 flood, the peak flow was about 70,000 cubic feet per second (2,000 m³/s). The amount of water that flowed over the spillway was about 3 1/2 times the amount of water that the reservoir holds. Erosion over the course of three days tore away soil to reveal what is now the Canyon Lake Gorge.

Water conservation

The Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority (GBRA) has rights to the water in the conservation pool of the lake. This water is used to operate several small hydroelectric plants downstream from New Braunfels, and for municipal water supply, irrigation, and industrial uses. GBRA built a hydroelectric facility at Canyon Dam in August 1987; it was put into service in February 1989.

Recreation

Canyon Lake is a center for recreation in the area. The Corps of Engineers built and maintains eight park areas around the lake for camping, swimming, boating and picnicking. Comal County also provides several boat ramps for access to the lake.Hike, bike and equestrian trails are available, as is limited hunting (archery only).

Bank fishing is available in all park areas, and a 24 hour fishing dock can be found in Cranes Mill Park on the south side of the lake.

Lake level concerns

Plans by GBRA to sell water from Canyon Lake to supply the fast-growing San Antonio and Austin regions have raised concerns that the lake will fall well below the established conservation pool level, potentially causing problems ranging from erosion and weakening of Canyon Dam to a decline in property values and possible health issues from the exposure of long-submerged land. This has led to several administrative actions and lawsuits over the future of the lake.

References

External links

* [http://www.swf-wc.usace.army.mil/canyon/ Canyon Lake] page at U.S. Corps of Engineers website
*
* [http://www.gbra.org/ Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority]
* [http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/fishboat/fish/recreational/lakes/canyon/ Texas Parks and Wildlife: Canyon Lake]
* [http://www.friendsofcanyonlake.com/ "Friends of Canyon Lake" website]
* [http://www.canyongorge.org/ Canyon Lake Gorge Preservation Society]
* [http://www.lcyc.net/ Lake Canyon Yacht Club]
* [http://www.hcyc-tx.com/ Hill Country Yacht Club]
* [http://www.edwardsaquifer.net/canyon.html]