Anacleto Formation

__NOTOC__The Anacleto Formation is a geologic formation with outcroppings in the Argentine Patagonian provinces of Mendoza, Río Negro, and Neuquén. It is the youngest formation within the Neuquén Group and belongs to the Río Colorado Subgroup. Formerly that subgroup was treated as a formation, and the Anacleto Formation was known as the Anacleto Member. [Sánchez "et al." (2006)]

The type locality of this formation lies 40 kilometers west of the city of Neuquén. At its base, the Anacleto Formation conformably overlies the Bajo de la Carpa Formation, also of the Río Colorado Subgroup, and it is in turn unconformably overlain by the Allen Formation of the younger Malargüe Group. [Fossa Mancini "et al." (1938), Leanza "et al." (2004)]

The Anacleto Formation varies between 60 and 90 meters thick, and consists mainly of claystones and mudstones, purple and dark red in color, of fluvial origin. Geodes are often found scattered throughout this formation. [Leanza "et al." (2004), Sánchez "et al." (2006)]

Age

Era: Mesozoic
Period: Late Cretaceous
Faunal stage: early Campanian
Absolute Age: ~83 to ~78 mya

Fauna

Nests of dinosaur eggs, many with preserved embryos inside, have been discovered in large quantities at the famous Auca Mahuevo locality, and have been attributed to titanosaurs. [Salgado "et al." (2005), Sánchez "et al." (2006)]

Known from bones found in the Anacleto Formation are:
* "Aerosteon."
* several species of lizards
* an ornithopod ("Gasparinisaura")
* titanosaurian sauropods ("Antarctosaurus wichmannianus", "Pellegrinisaurus")
* ceratosaurian theropods ("Abelisaurus", "Aucasaurus")
* some other theropod remains
* several species of mammals

The oldest known unequivocal bird footprints from South America were also discovered in the Anacleto Formation. The small footprints were tentatively assigned to the ichnogenus "Aquatilavipes" and might have been produced by "Patagopteryx" (whose fossils were only found in the Bajo de la Carpa Formation however) or some unknown wader-like bird; they lack a hind toe. "Ignotornis" refers to similar footprints made by larger birds with a small hind toe; they might have been left by "Neuquenornis", but this is also only known from the Bajo de la Carpa Formation. Footprints of these two ichnogenera have also been found elsewhere, but it must be understood that assignment to the same ichnogenus does not imply a close relatedness of the organisms that produced these traces, only a similar morphology. [Coria "et al." (2002), Lockley "et al." (2006)]

Even smaller and somewhat unusual footprints assigned to "Barrosopus" are only known from the Anacleto Formation. They were almost certainly made by some tiny theropod, but whether this was a bird is not quite clear: the innermost front toes of the animal leaving these tracks attached in a position higher than the others. In that, and in their dimensions, they are a very close match for the odd-footed enantiornithine bird "Yungavolucris brevipedalis", but this is only known from the Maastrichtian Lecho Formation which is some 10 million years younger. [Chiappe (1993), Coria "et al." (2002), Lockley "et al." (2006)]

ee also

* List of fossil sites

Footnotes

References

* (1993): Enantiornithine (Aves) Tarsometatarsi from the Cretaceous Lecho Formation of Northwestern Argentina. "American Museum Novitates" 3083: 1-27. [English with Spanish abstract] [http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/4981/1/N3083.pdf PDF fulltext]
* (2002): Bird footprints from the Anacleto Formation (Late Cretaceous), Neuquén, Argentina. "Ameghiniana" 39(4): 453-463. [English with Spanish abstract] [http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/faculty/philip_currie/uploads/pdfs/2002/2002Bird_Footprints.PDF PDF fulltext]
* (1938): Una reunión de geólogos de YPF y el problema de la terminología estratigráfica ["A YPF geologists' reunion and the problem of stratigraphy terminology"] . "Boletín de Informaciones Petroleras" 15: 1-67.
* (2004): Cretaceous terrestrial beds from the Neuquén Basin (Argentina) and their tetrapod assemblages. "Cretaceous Research" 25(1): 61-87. doi|10.1016/j.cretres.2003.10.005 (HTML abstract)
* (2006): Bird tracks from Liaoning Province, China: New insights into avian evolution during the Jurassic-Cretaceous transition. "Cretaceous Research" 27(1): 33-43. doi|10.1016/j.cretres.2005.10.007 (HTML abstract). Erratum: doi|10.1016/j.cretres.2008.06.002
* (2005): Osteology of the sauropod embryos from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia. "Acta Palaeontologica Polonica" 50(1): 79–92. [http://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app50/app50-079.pdf PDF fulltext]
* (2006): Paleoambientes sedimentarios del Cretácico Superior de la Formación Plottier (Grupo Neuquén), Departamento Confluencia, Neuquén [Sedimentary paleoenvironments in the Upper Cretaceous Plottier Formation (Neuquen Group), Confluencia, Neuquén] . "Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina" 61(1): 3-18. [Spanish with English abstract] [http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/raga/v61n1/v61n1a01.pdf PDF fulltext]