Yevstigney Fomin

Yevstigney Ipat'yevich Fomin [ The Romanized spelling of his name is variable: Yevstignei (Evstigney, Evstignei, Ewstigney or Evstignej) Ipatovich (Ipatyevich or Ipatevich) Fomin. ] ( _ru. Евстигне́й Ипа́тьевич Фоми́н) (born St Petersburg OldStyleDate|August 16|1761|August 5 – died St. Petersburg c OldStyleDate|April 27|1800|April 16) was a Russian opera composer of the 18th century.

Biography

Fomin was born in St. Petersburg into a family of a cannoneer, the artillery soldier of Tobolsk infantry regiment. His father died when he was 6, and he passed into the care of his stepfather, I. Fedotov, a soldier. Fedotov took him to the Academy of Fine Arts in St. Petersburg on April 21, 1767, where Fomin studied architecture. As a full student there, he began learning the harpsichord in 1776 with Matteo Bumi. From 1777 he studied theory and composition with Hermann Raupach, and from 1779 with Blasius Sartori.

In 1782 he went to Bologna to study with Padre Martini and Stanislao Mattei; three years later he was accepted into the Accademia filarmonica. Returning to St. Petersburg in 1785, he taught at the theatrical school and composed operas. From 1797 he was répétiteur for the imperial theater under Paul I. He composed about 30 operas including "Yamshchiki na podstave" ["The Coachmen at the Relay Station"] (1787); "Vecherinki" ["Soirées"] (1788); "Orfey i Evridika" (1792), "Amerikantsy" ["The Americans"] , comic opera (1800), and "Zolotoye yabloko" ["The Golden Apple"] (performed after the composers death in 1803). The most successful for decades was his opera-melodrama "Orfey i Evridika" to the text by Yakov Knyazhnin. It was re-staged in the Soviet time in 1947 in Moscow, and in 1953 and in 1961 in Leningrad.

The famous one-act opera "Anyuta" to the text by Mikhail Popov (1772, Tsarskoye Selo) has been occasionally attributed to Fomin (which is quite unlikely). [ See Gerald Abraham's "The Conscience Oxford History of Music", Oxford 1979, p.479. ] In addition, Fomin has been credited with the music of another successful Russian opera "Melnik – koldun, obmanshchik i svat" ("The Miller who was a Wizard, a Cheat and a Match-maker", Moscow, 1779), on a subject resembling Rousseau’s "Le devin du village": it is possible that this was his revision of the music compiled by a theatre violin player Mikhail Sokolovsky. [ Ibid. ]

Operas

*"The Novgorod Hero Boyeslayevich" ("Новгородский богатырь Боеслаевич – Novgorodskiy bogatyr’ Boyeslayevich", opera-ballet. Libretto by the Empress Catherine II, December 12, 1786 St Petersburg)
*"The Coachmen at the Relay Station" ("Ямщики на подставе - Yamshchiki na podstave" January 13, 1787 St Petersburg)
*"Soirées" ("Вечеринки или гадай, гадай девица — Vecherinki, ili Gaday, gaday devitsa", 1788 St Petersburg)
*"Magician, Fortune-teller and Match-maker" ("Колдун, ворожея и сваха - Koldun, vorozheya i svakha" (1789 St Petersburg)
*"Orpheus and Eurydice" ("Орфей и Эвридика — Orfey i Evridika", melodrama. Text by Yakov Knyazhnin, January 13, 1792 St Petersburg)
*"The Miller who was a Wizard, a Cheat and a Match-maker" ("Мельник - колдун, обманщик и сват — Melnik - koldun, obmanshchik i svat" (1779 Moscow, c.1795 St Petersburg) [revision of the music by Sokolovsky (?)]
*"The Americans" ("Американцы - Amerikantsy", comic opera, February 19, 1800 St Petersburg)
*"Chloris and Milo" ("Клорида и Милон – Klorida i Milon", November 18, 1800 St Petersburg)
*"The Golden Apple" ("Золотое яблоко — Zolotoye yabloko", April 27, 1803 St Petersburg)

also:

*"Yaropolk and Oleg" ("Ярополк и Олег - Yaropolk i Oleg") - Choruses to a tragedy by Vladislav Ozerov (1798)

Discography

*C10 28271 009. Fomin, Yevstigney (1761–1800). "Американцы" ["The Americans"] (1800). Vladimir Andropov. USSR Bolshoi Theatre Chamber Orchestra (rec. 1988)

*C10 19625 009. Fomin, Yevstigney. "Ямщики на подставе" ["The Coachmen"] (1788). Vladimir Chernushenko. Leningrad State Conservatory Opera Orchestra (rec. 1982)

*The Golden Age - Moscow Concertino ensemble of soloists (CD).
On [http://www.russiandvd.com/store/album_asx.asp?sku=34774 this website] you can listen to all the tracks that also include music by Bortnyansky and Alyabyev [http://www.russiandvd.com/store/product.asp?sku=34774&genreid= (see the CD information)] .
The first four tracks are as follows: :*Yevstigney Fomin. Music from the melodrama "Orpheus and Eurydice":*1. Introduction :*2. Adagio :*3. Dance of the furies:*4. Overture to the comic opera "The Americans"

Quotations

"Yevstigney Fomin, one of the most talented composers of his day and age and the founding father of Russian musical drama, also [like Vasily Pashkevich] died in poverty... His melodrama, based on the well-known legend about Orpheus and Eurydice, is a real masterpiece whose red-hot passions and tragic collisions have since been put to music with equal excellence. "Orpheus" premiered at Count Nikolai Sheremetev’s theatre in 1792 to the strains of a choir, orchestra and with a large cast of ballet dancers and actors. For more than two decades "Orpheus" ran thousands of times to invariable applause of local and visiting theatergoers. And still, the money Fomin earned for his labors was dwarfed by the exorbitant royalties picked up by his Italian colleagues invited to work in St. Petersburg. [http://www.vor.ru/English/tales/tales_006.html "The Voice of Russia 2003"]

Notes

Bibliography

*Sokolova, A.: "Fomin", the article in "Tvorcheskie portrety kompozitorov", Moskva, Muzyka, 1989, p.360-362
*Abraham, Gerald: "The Concise Oxford History of Music", Oxford 1979, p.479-481
*"Fomin, Yevstigney Ipat'yevich " by Richard Taruskin, 'The New Grove Dictionary of Opera', ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7

External links

* [http://www.classicalarchives.com/info/fo-ov-fu.txt classical archives]
* [http://www.classical-composers.org/cgi-bin/ccd.cgi?comp=fomin classical composers]
* [http://www.vor.ru/English/1000years/1000y-033.html Russia - 1000 years of music]