Kreis Wirsitz

Kreis Wirsitz was one of several Kreise (English: "counties") in the northern administrative district of Bromberg, in the Prussian province of Posen.

History

The area around the town of Wyrzysk, then part of the Duchy of Warsaw, became part of the Grand Duchy of Posen on May 15, 1815 as accorded at the Congress of Vienna. The rather titulary Grand Duchy of Posen, held by the Hohenzollern, the ruling family in the Kingdom of Prussia, was in fact an autonomous province within Prussia, but not belonging to those territories covered by the loose league called the German Confederation. Its constitutional peculiarity had been abolished on December 5, 1848 when it was converted into the Prussian Province of Posen, by way of which it was transformed into one of Prussia's regional subdivisions, but still no part of the German Confederation.

On July 1, 1816 the county of Wyrzysk (German: "Kreis Wirsitz") was formed.

After a territorial reorganisation within the Kingdom of Prussia the borders of the "Kreis Wirsitz" were partly redrawn so that by January 1, 1818 the municipality of Kcynia (German: "Exin") became a part of the neighbouring county of Schubin (Polish: "Szubin").

The town of Wyrzysk (German: "Wirsitz") domiciled the county administration.

Being an administrative unit of the Kingdom of Prussia the "Kreis Wirsitz" joined the newly founded North German Confederation in July 1867, becoming thereby for the first time part of a German commonwealth. By way of unification of German states the North German Confederation had been enlarged by southern German states and constitutionally reenforced to become a united Germany on January 18, 1871 with "Kreis Wirsitz" being part of it.

The members of the German parliament (German: "Reichstag") forming the Polish National Democratic Party (Polish: "Stronnictwo Narodowo-Demokratyczne"), led by Władysław Taczanowski (1825–1893), protested on April 1st, 1871 in the parliament of the newly founded united Germany against Prussia joining with all her provinces united Germany.

On December 27, 1918 the Uprising of Greater Poland started and involved most of the Prussian Province of Posen, where Germans, identifying themselves as being Polish, formed the majority and fought against the German rule in that province, forming the historical landscape named Greater Poland. While the Uprising, terminated by a German-Polish ceasefire agreed on February 16, 1919, led to an end of German rule in most of the territory of the Province of Posen, its northern outskirts including the "Kreis Wirsitz" remained calm and under German control. This may be due to the fact that some 64-53% of the population (figures of 1890 and 1910) in the "Kreis Wirsitz" consisted of Germans, identifying themselves as being German as opposed to 36% of Germans, identifying themselves as being Polish (figures from German census of 1890).

By the Treaty of Versailles on June 28, 1919 Germany ceded the "Kreis Wirsitz" to the newly reestablished Poland. On November 25, 1919 both countries agreed upon how to hand over the territories ceded to Poland, but still held by Germany. This agreement was ratified on January 10, 1920. So official representatives of Germany (soldiers, government officials and the like) left the "Kreis Wirsitz" between January 17 and February 4, 1920 which was then factually taken over by Poland.

The "Kreis Wirsitz" became the "powiat Wyrzyski" (Polish for county of Wyrzysk). The population of ceded territories was entitled to choose to become Poles or remain Germans. Many emigrated to Germany (so-called optants, who opted not to become Poles), especially those who did identify themselves as being German. This emigration and intra-Polish migration resulted into figures as measured in the Polish census of 1931. Then 20,5% of the county's population were Poles, identifying themselves as being German.

On April 1st, 1938 the "powiat Wyrzyski" was ceded from the Poznań Voivodeship, which had become the Polish name of the Province of Posen, to the Polish Voivodeship of Pomerania then renamed into Greater Pomerania (Polish: "Województwo Wielkopomorskie"). Covering most of the territory of historical Pomerelia this voivodeship is also called Voivodeship of Pomerelia, in order to be not confused with the Prussian Province of Pomerania, with the Free State of Prussia being a federal state of Germany.

More about the powiat Wyrzyski, which ceased to exist in 1975 cf. the Polish site http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powiat_wyrzyski

Geographical features

Military command

Kreis Wirsitz was part of the military command in Posen (German: "Bezirkskommando") at Bromberg.

Court system

The main court (German: "Landgericht") was in Schneidemühl, with lower courts (German: "Amtsgericht") in Wirsitz, Lobsens and Nakel.

External links

* [http://www.polishroots.org/genpoland/records/wyr_r.htm List of genealogical records]

Bibliography

"Der Kreis Wirsitz : ein westpreußisches Heimatbuch", by Herbert Papstein, 1982 in German (out of print). LDS call number: 943.84/W2 H2 LDS film [http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/filmhitlistframe.asp?display=filmhitlist&filmno=1183530&first=undefined&last=undefined# #1183530, item 4]

"Altansässige deutsche Bauerngeschlechter in den Kreisen Zempelburg und Wirsitz in Westpreußen", by Hans Jürgen von Wilckens, ("Old established families of the districts of Zempelburg and Wirsitz") 1971 in German (out of print). LDS call number: 943.8 B4 LDS film [http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=72704&disp=Altans%C3%A4ssige+deutsche+Bauerngeschle #1181525, item 10]