- Hwandan Gogi
Hwandan Gogi (환단고기, 桓檀古記), also called Handan Gogi, is a compilation of texts on ancient
Korea n history. It is a bound volume of four historical records: Samseonggi, Dangun Segi, Bukbuyeogi and Taebaek Ilsa.According to its introduction, it was compiled in 1911 by Uncho Gye Yeon-su (운초 계연수, 雲樵 桂延壽; ? ~ 1920) and supervised by Yi Gi (이기,李沂; 1848 ~ 1909). However, the only currently known copy is Yi Yu-rip's transcription restored and published in 1979.
Contents
The four books comprising the Hwandan Gogi are:
*Samseonggi (two volumes), describing ancient kingdoms called
Hwan-guk that lasted for 3301 years, andHwanung 's 1565-year rule ofBaedalguk .
*Dangun Segi, chronicling the history ofGojoseon with 47 generations ofDangun rulers.
*Bukbuyeogi, describing the six kings of Bukbuyeo (North Buyeo).
*Taebaek Ilsa, describing the histories ofHwan-guk ,Baedalguk ,Samjoseon ,Goguryeo ,Balhae , andGoryeo ; also includes the text ofCheonbu-gyeong .Dispute regarding authenticity
Criticism
Most historians in
South Korea ,North Korea andJapan generally consider the Hwandangogi to have been created in recent times, because of the following reasons:* There are words from modern language. (for example, '男女平權; the equality of man and woman', '父權; paternal rights')
* The route through which Hwandangogi was first published is not clear.
** Yi Gi could not have supervised the Hwandangogi which first compiled in 1911, because he died then [ 엠파스 한국학 지식 - 한국의 인물 - 이 기(李沂) [http://kdaq.empas.com/koreandb/history/kpeople/person_view.html?n=480&in=14090#his] ] .
** The contents of Cheonbu Gyeong could not be included in Taebaek Ilsa before 1911 because the Cheonbu Gyeong was first discovered and known to the Daejonggyo in 1916 by Gae Yeonsu, the person who compiled Hwandan Gogi.
** The 1911 edition(or any edition before 1979) has not been found. There is no proof that the book was kept by Yi Yurip and lost in 1975, and then restored by Yi Yurip before 1979.
* The contents in Hwandan Gogi are not realistic.
** The population of Gojoseon 4,000 years ago is said to be 180 million.
** The nation is said to span several thousand kilometers in about 8000 BCE.upport
Some historians view the Hwandan gogi as worthy of further scholarly scrutiny, believing that it is at least partly based on historically valuable, ancient (if not literally accurate) texts.
* The record that five stars were arranged in straight line at 1733 BCE (오성취루, 五星聚婁). This astronomical record in Hwandan Gogi is proved by Professor Park Changbeom, and it is published in the journal [ 박창범, 라대일, "단군조선시대 천문현상기록의 과학적 검증(Scientific proof of astronomical record in Gojoseon), "한국상고사학보", vol 14 [http://www.sanggo.or.kr/report/list/list11.asp] ] . They show that the five stars was arranged in straight line at 1734 BCE with the assumption thatGojoseon was established at 2333BCE.
* Professor(Major field: Law) Junhwan Go asserts several reasons why the Hwandan Gogi is considerable. [Hwandan Gogi explains why theMausoleum of Dangun is located at inKangdong nearPyongyang ,North Korea - 고준환, " [http://www.ohmynews.com/articleview/article_view.asp?at_code=146522 단군신화설은 식민사학자들의 왜곡.농간] ", (경기대 법학과 교수), 개천절에 되새겨 보는 '실증적' 단군조선사, 오마이뉴스, 2003-10-03 13:15 조인성(경희대 사학과 교수). It states that the fifth Dangun Gueul died while travelling the south area of Gojoseon, and then he has been buried atDaebaksan . The Daebaksan is located at current Pyongyang.] [Hwandan Gogi explains that the era name of Mun wang ofBalhae was Daeheung(대흥, 大興) before the era name of Mun wang was discovered in the tombstone of princess Jeonghyo (정효공주묘비, 貞孝公主墓碑) in 1980 - Retrieved from Empas Korean Information [http://kdaq.empas.com/koreandb/history/koreanking/html/person/p132_03901.htm] 엠파스 한국학 지식] [Hwandan Gogi states that era name of Jangsu Taewang ofGoguryeo was Geonheung (건흥, 建興). This era name is used in a Buddhist statue inChungju ofChungbuk . Before Hwandangogi was published, the statue was considered to be from Baekje - 고준환, 신명나는 한국사, 인간과자연사 (2005) ISBN : 89-87944-43-3]
*The territory ofGojoseon explained by Hwandan Gogi accords with the distribution area of the mandolin-shaped dagger of Gojoseon. Moreover, this territory advocated by Yoon et al. [윤내현, 박선희, 하문식, 고조선의 강역을 밝힌다 (The Territory of Gojoseon) (2006) ISBN : 89-423-1089-3] andYi Byeongdo [이병도, 최태영, 한국상고사 입문(Introduction to the Ancient Korean History) (1989)] coincide with the territory explained by Hwandan Gogi.Fact|date=September 2008See also
*
False document
*Gyuwon Sahwa References
* 계연수(이유립 복원본), 환단고기, 한뿌리 출판사, 2005
*『 [http://www.land.go.kr/landinfo/lecturelandinfo/landculturelec/5/landculture_list_6_text_5_6.jsp 환단고기(桓檀古記)』에 대한 새로운 이해] 』, Land Portal
* 정영훈(The Academy of Korean Studies 한국학중앙연구원), [http://203.253.216.84/?news/view/id=1008 '환단고기' 토대로 상고사 연구 보류해야 - 검증안 된 내용 왜곡 우려] , The Cheju National University Press 제주대 신문, 2004-03-31
* 김정배, 한국사 권4 - 초기국가 – 고조선.부여.삼한, National Institute of Korean History 국사편찬위원회, 1997. pp.53
* 안창범(제주대 명예교수), [http://www.hanja-edu.com/0603_month/11.html] 桓檀古記 僞書論 批判, 한국종교사연구 통권 제10호 (2002. 2)
* 이도학(한양대 강사), 桓檀古記, 민족지성 9('86.11), 民族知性社
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* 한영우(서울대 국사학과 교수) 외, 행촌 이암의 생애와 사상, 일지사, 2002
* 이상시(변호사), 檀君實史에 관한 文獻考證, 고려원, 1990
* 송호수(Baylor Univ. a professor emeritus), 韓民族의 뿌리思想, 가나출판사, 1985
* 金庠基, 李海鶴의 生涯와 思想에 대하여, 李瑄根華甲紀念論叢, 1965
* 전병훈, 정신철학 통편(精神哲學 通編), 1919
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