Horror and terror

The distinction between horror and terror is a standard literary and psychological concept applied especially to Gothic literature and film (Radcliffe 1826; Varma 1966; Crawford 1986: 101-3; Bruhm 1994: 37; Wright 2007: 35-56). Horror is the feeling of revulsion that usually occurs "after" something frightening is seen, heard, or otherwise experienced. It is the feeling one gets after coming to an awful realization or experiencing a deeply unpleasant occurrence. By contrast, terror is usually described as the feeling of dread and anticipation that "precedes" the horrifying experience. In other words, horror is more related to being shocked or scared (being horrified), while terror is more related to being anxious or fearful (being terrified) (Varma 1966).Horror has also been defined as a combination of terror and revulsion.

The distinction between terror and horror was first characterised by the Gothic horror writer Ann Radcliffe (1764-1823). Terror is characterised by ‘obscurity’ or indeterminacy in its treatment of potentially horrible events – it is this indeterminacy which leads to the sublime. She says in the essay that it ‘expands the soul and awakens the faculties to a high degree of life’. Horror in contrast, ‘freezes and nearly annihilates them’ with its unambiguous displays of atrocity. She goes on ‘I apprehend that neither Shakespeare nor Milton by their fictions, nor Mr Burke by his reasoning, anywhere looked to positive horror as a source of the sublime, though they all agree that terror is a very high one; and where lies the great difference between horror and terror, but in uncertainty and obscurity, that accompany the first, respecting the dreader evil’ (Radcliffe: 1826).

According to Devendra Varma in "The Gothic Flame" (1966):

The difference between Terror and Horror is the difference between awful apprehension and sickening realization: between the smell of death and stumbling against a corpse.

Horror is also a genre of film and fiction that relies on horrifying images or situations to tell stories and prompt reactions in their audiences. In these films the moment of horrifying revelation is usually preceded by a terrifying build up, often using the medium of scary music (Wisker 2005).

Etymology

The Latin horrere is the root of words such as "horrific" or "horror"; it means "to stand on end" and refers to the standing hairs of goose bumps, otherwise known as 'horripilation' (see etymologies in "Collins English Dictionary" [1986] )

See also

* Horror fiction
* Horror film

References

*Steven Bruhm (1994) "Gothic Bodies: The Politics of Pain in Romantic Fiction". Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
*Gary Crawford (1986) "Criticism" in J. Sullivan (ed) "The Penguin Encyclopedia of Horror and the Supernatural".
*Anne Radcliffe (1826) "On the Supernatural in Poetry" in "The New Monthly Magazine" 7, 1826, pp 145-52.
*Devendra Varma (1966) "The Gothic Flame". New York: Russell and Russell.
*Gina Wisker (2005) "Horror Fiction: An Introduction". New York: Continuum.
*Angela Wright (2007) "Gothic Fiction". Basingstoke: Palgrave.

External links

* [http://www.horror.net Horror related websites]
* [http://www.mantex.co.uk/ou/a811/download/terror.doc Terror and Horror]