- Raymond C. Bushland
Dr. Raymond C. Bushland was an American
entomologist . Along with his colleague, Dr. Edward F. Knipling, he received the 1992World Food Prize for the breakthrough development of theSterile insect technique for eradicating the threat posed by pests to thelivestock and crops that make up the world's food supply,Education and early career
Dr. Bushland was born in
Minnesota onOctober 5 ,1910 , and grew up inSouth Dakota , where he graduated fromSouth Dakota State University in 1932 with a degree inentomology andzoology . He earned an M.S. in entomology in 1934, and began working at theUnited States Department of Agriculture laboratory in Dallas, Texas, researchingscrewworm larvae in an effort to better treat the wounds that the insect were inflicting on cattle herds.A transfer to the USDA's
Menard, Texas , facility in 1937 introduced him to Dr. Knipling, who hypothesized that sterilized screwworms could cut reproduction levels in populations. Two years later, however, Dr. Bushland moved on to a project to counteracttyphus -bearing lice, and later, as a U.S. Army researcher in New Guinea and the Philippines, devised techniques to prevent chigger mites from spreadingtyphus through human populations. He received the United States Typhus Commission Award in 1949 for his efforts.Development of SIT
Returning to USDA research in the 1950s, he studied the levels of toxicity and chemical residue that insecticides left in the
meat andmilk of treated livestock. As director of theKerrville, Texas , laboratory, he oversaw screwworm research – developing a method to artificially rear large quantities of screwworms in the laboratory – and began test-sterilizing screwworms using an Armyx-ray apparatus. Together, Drs. Bushland and Knipling developed the framework of SIT and began applying it to screwworm populations inFlorida . By 1958, the species had been eradicated in Florida, and the same results were met across the America Southwest by 1962.Dr. Bushland continued to oversee and further screwworm research and provided leadership and technical advice to program managers and producers to maintain and extend the success of his and Dr. Knipling's original project.
Awards and Recognition
He retired from the USDA in 1974, having received the Distinguished Service Award for his years of research with the department in 1967. In addition to the
World Food Prize , he also shared with Dr. Knipling a Special Science Award from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 1991 in commemoration of their joint achievement in pest control.Dr. Bushland died on
January 29 ,1995 , in Kerrville, Texas, the site of the laboratory where he developed the technology that continues to carry his legacy throughout the world. In 1999, the Knipling-Bushland Southwest Animal Research Foundation at Texas A&M was established to honor both men's achievements and fund ongoing research and education.
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