Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet

Infobox Person
name=Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet


caption=Teacher, co-founder of the first permanent school for the Deaf in North America.
birth_date=birth date|1787|12|10|mf=y
birth_place=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
dead=dead
death_date=death date and age|1851|9|10|1787|12|10|mf=y
death_place=Hartford, Connecticut, United States

Reverend Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, LL.D., (December 10 1787 – September 10 1851) was a renowned American pioneer in the education of the deaf. He helped found and was for many years the principal of the first institution for the education of the deaf in North America. When opened in 1817, it was called the "Hartford School for the Deaf" in Connecticut, but it is now known as the American School for the Deaf.

Gallaudet was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He attended Yale University, earning his bachelor's degree in 1805, [Gallaudet, E.M., "Life of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet," pp. 19-25.] graduating at the age of seventeen, [Barnard, Henry, "Tribute to Gallaudet," p. 10.] and then earned a master's degree at Yale in 1808. [Dexter's volume on early Yale graduates] He wanted to do many things such as study law, engage in trade, or study divinity. In 1814 Gallaudet became a preacher, having graduated from Andover Theological Seminary after a two-year course of study. [Gallaudet, E.M., "Life of Thomas Hopkins Galllaudet," pp. 38-41.]

Gallaudet's wish to become a preacher was put aside when he met Alice Cogswell, the nine-year-old deaf daughter of a neighbor, Dr. Mason Cogswell. [Gallaudet, E.M., "Life of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet," p.46.] He taught her words by writing them with a stick in the dirt. Then Cogswell asked Gallaudet to travel to Europe to study methods for teaching deaf students, especially those of the Braidwood family in Edinburgh, Scotland. Gallaudet found the Braidwoods unwilling to share knowledge of their oral communication method and himself financially limited. At the same time, he was not satisfied that the oral method produced desirable results.

While still in Great Britain, he met Abbé Sicard, head of the Institution Nationale des Sourds-Muets à Paris, and two of its deaf faculty members, Laurent Clerc and Jean Massieu. Sicard invited Gallaudet to Paris to study the school's method of teaching the deaf using manual communication. Impressed with the manual method, Gallaudet studied teaching methodology under Sicard, learning sign language from Massieu and Clerc, who were both highly educated graduates of the school.

Having persuaded Clerc to accompany him, Gallaudet sailed back to America. The two men toured New England and successfully raised private and public funds to found a school for deaf students in Hartford, which later became known as the American School for the Deaf. Young Alice was one of the first seven students in the United States. This is where his school began. Even some hearing students came to this school to learn.

In 1821 he married one of his former students, Sophia Fowler.

His son Edward Miner Gallaudet (1837-1917) founded in 1864 the first college for the deaf which in 1986 became Gallaudet University. The university also offers education for those in elementary, middle, and high school. The elementary school on the Gallaudet University Campus is named Kendall Demonstration Elementary School (KDES), the middle and high school is Model Secondary School for the Deaf (MSSD).

Gallaudet had another son, Thomas Gallaudet, who became an Episcopal priest and also worked for the deaf.

Just days before his death, he received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from the Western Reserve College of Ohio. [Gallaudet, E.M., "Life of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet," p. 319.]

Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet died at his home in Hartford on September 10, 1851, aged 63, and was buried in Hartford's Cedar Hill Cemetery. There is a residence hall named in his honor at nearby Central Connecticut State University in New Britain.

ources

*Booth, Edwin. “Booth's reminiscences of Gallaudet,” American Annals of the Deaf, Volume 26, Number 3, July 1881, pages 200-202, http://library.gallaudet.edu/pdf/BoothsThomasR.pdf

*Peet, Isaac Lewis. ““Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet,” American Annals of the Deaf, Volume 33, Number 1, October 1888, pages 43-54, http://library.gallaudet.edu/pdf/peetsTHG-R.pdf

*"Recent Deaths"; "New York Daily Times"; September 18, 1851; page 2. (Accessed from "The New York Times (1851–2003)", ProQuest Historical Newspapers, September 19, 2006).

*"Tribute to Gallaudet--A Discourse in Commemoration of the Life, Character and Services, of the Rev. Thomas H. Gallaudet, LL.D.--Delivered Before the Citizens of Hartford, Jan. 7th, 1852. With an Appendix, Containing History of Deaf-Mute Instruction and Institutions, and other Documents." By Henry Barnard, 1852. (Download book: http://www.saveourdeafschools.org/tribute_to_gallaudet.pdf)

*"Life of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet--Founder of Deaf-Mute Instruction in America" by Edward Miner Gallaudet, 1888. (Download book: http://saveourdeafschools.org/life_of_thomas_hopkins_gallaudet.pdf)

External links

* [http://www.dcmemorials.com/index_indiv0001910.htm Photographs of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet statue at Gallaudet University]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=Zb02AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22An+Address+on+Female+Education%22+gallaudet An Address on Female Education, November 21, 1827.]

References