USS Trout (SS-202)

USS "Trout" (SS-202) was a United States Navy "Tambor"-class submarine, serving in the Pacific from 1941 to 1944. She received 11 battle stars for World War II service and three Presidential Unit Citations, for her second, third, and fifth patrols. "Trout" also delivered ammunition to the besieged American forces on Corregidor and brought out 20 tons of gold bars and silver pesos from the Philippine currency reserve to Pearl Harbor.

"Trout" is credited with sinking 23 enemy ships, giving her 87,000 tons sunk, and damaging 6 ships, for 75,000 tons. During her first ten patrols she made 32 torpedo attacks, firing 85 torpedoes, including 34 hits, 5 confirmed premature detonations, 5 confirmed duds, and 25 suspected duds. She was also involved in six battle surface actions and was attacked with depth charges eight times.

She was reported overdue on 17 April 1944 and presumed lost on her eleventh war patrol.

Origins

"Trout" was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for the trout, any of certain small, fresh-water fishes, highly esteemed by anglers for their gameness, their rich and finely flavored flesh and their handsome (usually mottled or speckled) coloration. Her keel was laid down on 28 August 1939 by the Portsmouth Navy Yard in Kittery, Maine. She was launched on 21 May 1940 sponsored by Mrs. Walter B. Woodson, and commissioned on 15 November 1940 with Lieutenant Commander Frank Wesley Fenno, Jr., as captain.

Initial operations

On 2 July 1941, following "shakedown" operations along the east coast, "Trout" and sister ship USS|Triton|SS-201|3 departed New York City, bound for the Pacific. After transiting the Panama Canal and stopping at San Diego, California, the submarines arrived at Pearl Harbor on 4 August 1941.

"Trout" conducted training operations with Submarine Division 62 until 29 November when she stood out of Pearl Harbor to conduct a simulated war patrol [After October 1941 Pacific Fleet submarines carried war shots with tubes flooded, and orders to fire if attacked. "Simulated" did not imply a training exercise but a defensive patrol.] off Midway Island.

Wartime operations

1st patrol — America enters the war

On her defensive station, "Trout" patrolled submerged during daylight to avoid detection by ships or aircraft. On the morning of 7 December, she received word of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. That night, the surfaced submarine observed two destroyers shell Midway Island. She was about ten miles distant and proceeded toward the enemy ships at full speed, but they retired before she arrived. Frustrated in being unable to fire a shot, she continued her now-unrestricted war patrol until 20 December 1941 when Lt.Cdr. Fenno returned the ship to Pearl Harbor.

2nd patrol — to the Philippines

On 12 January 1942, "Trout" stood out of Pearl Harbor with 3500 rounds of 3" AAA ammunition to be delivered to the besieged American forces on Corregidor. She topped off with fuel at Midway Island on 16 January and continued westward. On 27 January, near the Bonin Islands, she sighted a light off her port bow, closed to convert|1500|yd of the vessel, and fired a stern torpedo which missed. She closed to convert|600|yd, discovered that her target was a submarine chaser, and, as she had been warned to avoid small ships, resumed her course for the Philippines. On 3 February, "Trout" rendezvoused with "PT-34" off Corregidor and was escorted to its South Dock.

"Trout" unloaded her ammunition cargo, refueled, loaded two torpedoes, and requested additional ballast. Since neither sandbags nor sacks of concrete were available, she was given 20 tons of gold bars and silver pesos to be evacuated from the Philippines. The specie came from twelve Philippine banks emptied of their assets, absent the paper money, all of which had been burned to prevent it from falling into Japanese hands. She also loaded securities, mail, and United States Department of State dispatches before submerging shortly before daybreak to wait at the bottom in Manila Bay until the return of darkness. That evening, the submarine loaded more mail and securities before she was escorted through the minefields out to open water. "Trout" set a course for the East China Sea which she entered on 10 February.

That afternoon, "Trout" fired a torpedo at a freighter from a range of convert|2000|yd but missed. The submarine then closed the target before firing two more which both hit the freighter. Approximately 25 minutes later, her sonar heard four explosions that were the boilers of "Chuwa Maru" blowing up as she sank. That evening, "Trout" was returning through the Bonin Islands when she sighted a light. She changed course, closed the range to convert|3000|yd, and fired two torpedoes at the ship. Both missed. In the time that lapsed between firing the first and the second torpedo, an enemy torpedo passed down "Trout"’s port side. As the submarine went to convert|120|ft, another torpedo passed overhead. "Trout" came up to periscope depth and fired a third torpedo at the target and blew it up. Sound picked up another ship running at full speed, but there was no opportunity to attack it. "Trout" was credited with sinking a small patrol ship of approximately 200 tons. When she reached Pearl Harbor on 3 March 1942, the submarine transferred her valuable ballast to the cruiser USS|Detroit|CL-8|2.

"Trout" received a Presidential Unit Citation for this patrol. Commander Fenno received the Navy Cross and Army Distinguished Service Cross, and all crew members were awarded the Army Silver Star.

3rd patrol — into Japanese waters

The submarine's third war patrol, conducted from 24 March to 17 May 1942 took her to Japanese home waters. On 9 April, "Trout" was patrolling between Ichie-Zaki and Shioni-Misaki when she sighted two small cargo ships. She fired two torpedoes at each target, but all missed. The next day, she fired one torpedo at a small steamer and missed again. On 11 April, she attacked a large freighter with two torpedoes. One hit the target but did not sink it. Between 16 April and 23 April "Trout" provided cover for the Doolittle Raid task force. Finally, on 24 April, the submarine hit a 10,000 ton tanker with two torpedoes off Cape Shiono, and it headed for the beach. A sweep of the periscope showed a cargo ship going to the aid of the tanker. "Trout" fired one torpedo and missed. She then closed to convert|500|yd and fired another torpedo that hit with a tremendous explosion. When last seen, the cargo ship, too, was heading for shallow water. Four days later, the submarine attacked a 1,000 ton patrol vessel or minesweeper with a torpedo which sank it in two minutes. On 30 April, "Trout" attacked two ships off Shimo Misaki but missed both. On 2 May, the submarine sank the 5014 ton cargo ship "Uzan Maru". Two days later, she fired a spread of two torpedoes at what was thought to be a freighter. The first torpedo missed, but the second hit forward of the bridge, sinking the converted gunboat "Kongōsan Maru". The submarine was then subjected to a six-hour depth charge attack before she could clear the area.

"Trout" received her second Presidential Unit Citation for this patrol.

4th patrol — Task Group 7.1

"Trout" stood out of Pearl Harbor on 21 May 1942, as a unit of Task Group 7.1, the Midway Island Patrol Group consisting of 12 submarines. Her station was south of the island as nine of the submarines were positioned fan-like to the west of Midway Island in preparation for the Japanese attack. At 08:12 on 4 June, "Trout" sighted a Japanese fighter plane preparing to attack from astern. She went deep and heard a series of light explosions. On 9 June, "Trout" passed through a large oil slick and some debris before rescuing two Japanese from a large wooden hatch cover. She returned to Pearl Harbor on 14 June without firing a torpedo.

5th patrol — the South Pacific

On 27 August,"Trout", now under the command of Lt.Cdr. Lawson Paterson "Red" Ramage, proceeded via the Marshall Islands to the Caroline Islands and began patrolling the southern approaches to Truk on 7 September. She was detected by three patrol craft on 10 September, apparently triangulating her position using radar, and was forced to go deep for one and a half hours while attacked by 45 depth charges. The next day, she sighted a large transport, but escorts forced her to go deep and clear the area. On 21 September, the submarine fired three stern torpedoes at a naval auxiliary. The first torpedo broke the ship in half, and the next two hit the aft section. The victim was subsequently identified as "Koei Maru", a converted net tender of 900 tons. A week later, "Trout" picked up a carrier group consisting of a light aircraft carrier, two cruisers, and two destroyers. The submarine closed to convert|1500|yd and fired a spread of five torpedoes. She heard two timed explosions and saw the
carrier "Taiyō" slow, with smoke pouring out of her starboard side near the water line. "Trout" heard high-speed screws approaching and went to convert|200|ft as a pattern of ten depth charges shook her severely.

On 3 October, with one week remaining in her patrol area, "Trout" approached to reconnoiter Otta Pass, the southern deepwater entrance to Truk. Six miles west of South Islands, she came to periscope depth to obtain a navigational fix. Just as the periscope was lowered, there was a violent explosion, close aboard, that shook the ship violently. The entire crew was stunned by the shock. One man was thrown from his bunk, and another was knocked off his feet. "Trout" emergency dived to convert|150|ft. As she passed convert|80|ft on the way down, another bomb exploded without effect. Since both periscopes were out of commission, the submarine headed for Australia for emergency repairs and arrived at Capricorn Wharf, New Farm (Brisbane) on 13 October 1942.

"Trout" received her third Presidential Unit Citation for this patrol.

6th patrol — the Solomon Islands

"Trout"’s sixth war patrol began on 26 October 1942 and took her to waters around the New Georgia Islands. On 13 November, she was patrolling 80 miles (150 km) north of Indispensable Strait when she was ordered to intercept the "Kongō"-class battleship "Kirishima" en route to shell Henderson Field on Guadalcanal. On the morning of 14 November "Trout" located "Kirishima" and its escort force in the process of refueling but was unable to maneuver into an attack position. Stalking the force, "Trout" attacked when the Japanese came under air attack in the afternoon and fired a spread of five torpedoes with a depth setting of convert|25|ft; all missed; and she cleared the area. The patrol ended when the submarine returned to Brisbane ten days later.

After provisioning and off-loading her torpedoes, "Trout" departed Brisbane on 25 November for Fremantle, Western Australia, where her squadron was then based, arriving 2 December 1942.

7th patrol — Borneo

On 29 December 1942, "Trout" stood out to sea to patrol the South China Sea off North Borneo. The submarine contacted a large tanker off Miri on 11 January 1943 and fired three torpedoes from a range of convert|2000|yd. The first two hit the target amidships, but the third exploded prematurely. Four minutes later, there was a heavy explosion from the direction of the target. Since postwar examination of Japanese records shows no sinking, the damaged ship must have managed to limp back to port.

Ten days later, off Indochina, "Trout" fired two torpedoes at a cargo ship from convert|700|yd and watched as the unidentified ship sank immediately. On 29 January, the submarine fired three torpedoes at a destroyer believed to be the Thai "Phra Ruang" (the former R class destroyer HMS "Radiant") and watched each run true to the target. However, all proved to be duds. On 7 February, she sighted tanker "Misshin Maru" moored off Lutong, Borneo. She made a submerged approach, fired two torpedoes at the target, heard one explosion, and observed smoke rise from the stern of the tanker. However, no sinking upon this occasion was confirmed.

One week later, "Trout" fired two torpedoes at what she thought to be a tanker as it emerged from a rain squall. The first torpedo blew off the target's bow, but the second one was a dud. As the enemy ship was still steaming at eight knots, the submarine surfaced for battle with her deck guns. "Trout" opened fire, but soon seven of her men were wounded by enemy machine gun fire. She then swung around and fired a stern torpedo and watched "Hirotama Maru" turn her stern straight up with her screws still turning and slip under the waves. The patrol ended when the submarine arrived at Fremantle on 25 February 1943.

8th patrol — laying mines

"Trout" was next ordered to plant naval mines in Api Passage, off the northwest coast of Borneo. She got underway on 22 March 1943 and, on 4 April while en route from Balabac Strait to Miri, fired a spread of three torpedoes at a naval auxiliary. One hit the target amidships, raising a convert|20|ft|0|adj=on plume of water into the air, but the warhead did not explode. "Trout" fired a fourth torpedo; but the ship saw its wake, turned, and dodged it. The next day, she fired three torpedoes at another ship with no results. "Trout" planted 23 naval mines in Api Passage on 7 April and 8 April and then began patrolling the Singapore trade route. On 19 April, she fired four torpedoes at a freighter but scored no hits. Later in the day, she fired a spread of three torpedoes at a tanker and missed. "Trout" sighted two trawlers on 23 April and battle surfaced. Her deck guns soon stopped the first ship dead in the water and set it on fire; they then turned the second one into a burning wreck. Since there was only one torpedo remaining, the submarine headed for Fremantle, where she arrived on 3 May 1943.

9th patrol — special missions

The "Trout" was now under the command of her former executive officer, Lt.Cdr. Albert Hobbs Clark, a "plank owner" (member of original ship's complement). From 27 May to 20 July 1943, "Trout" performed a special mission during an offensive war patrol. On 9 June, she missed a transport with three torpedoes. She then landed a five-man U.S. Army team at Labangan, Mindanao. On 15 July, the submarine fired a three-torpedo spread which destroyed the tanker "Sanraku Maru". She contacted three small coastal steamers on 26 June and sank two of them with her deck guns. On 1 July, she sank "Isuzu Maru" with four torpedoes. Eight days later, "Trout" picked up a party of five American officers including Lt.Cdr. Charles "Chick" Parsons and Lt.Col. William E. Dyess at Pagadian Bay on Mindanao and headed for Fremantle.

10th patrol — sub to sub

"Trout" stood out to sea on 12 August to patrol the Surigao Strait and San Bernardino Strait en route back to Pearl Harbor. On 25 August, she battled a cargo-fisherman with her deck guns and then sent a boarding party on board the Japanese vessel. After they had returned to the submarine with the prize's crew, papers, charts, and other material for study by intelligence officers, the submarine sank the vessel. Three of the five prisoners were later embarked in a dinghy off Tifore Island.

On 9 September, she fired three bow tubes at a Kaidai class submarine off Surigao Strait. Thirty-five seconds later, there was a loud explosion which apparently stopped the target's screws. "Trout"’s sound crew reported a torpedo approaching her port beam, and she went to convert|100|ft. After she heard a second explosion, "Trout" came to periscope level, but found no sign of "I-182" which she had sunk. On 22 September, one of the remaining Japanese prisoners died of self-imposed starvation and was buried at sea.

The next day, the submarine sighted two ships with an escort. One was a freighter with a deck load of planes, and the other was a passenger-cargo. "Trout" fired a spread of three torpedoes at each of the targets. She saw and heard two hits on each. The freighter "Ryotoku Maru" sank stern first. Though depth charged afterwards and kept down for five hours, "Trout" surfaced and gave chase to the damaged transport, finding and attacking it with three more torpedoes before her escort could return.

As the transport was being abandoned "Trout" proceeded close aboard and passed 12 to 15 life boats. The enemy ship was ablaze and low in the water with her bow nearly awash. Sound heard a heavy explosion from "Yamashiro Maru" and, seven minutes later, "Trout" could see no trace of her. That night, the submarine set a course for Hawaii and arrived at Pearl Harbor on 4 October 1943.

The submarine was then routed back to the United States for a modernization overhaul at the Mare Island Navy Yard. She was ready for sea in January 1944 and returned to Submarine Division 162 at Pearl Harbor late that month.

The last patrol

On 8 February 1944, the submarine began her 11th and final war patrol. "Trout" topped off with fuel at Midway Island and, on 16 February, headed via a great circle route toward the East China Sea.

Japanese records examined after the war indicate that one of their convoys, Matsu No. 1, was attacked by a submarine on 29 February 1944 in the patrol area assigned to "Trout". Carrying the 29th Infantry Division of the Kwantung Army from Manchuria to Guam, Matsu No. 1 consisted of four large transports escorted by three "Yugumo"-class destroyers of Destroyer Division 31: "Asashimo", "Kishinami", and "Okinami". The submarine badly damaged one large passenger-cargo ship and sank the 7,126-ton transport "Sakito Maru". "Asashimo" detected the submarine and dropped 19 depth charges. Oil and debris came to the surface and the destroyer dropped a final depth charge on that spot. The submarine was using Mk. XVIII electric torpedoes, and it was also possible that one of those had made a circular run and sunk the boat, as happened with "Tang".

On 17 April 1944, "Trout" was declared presumed lost with all 81 hands, including Commander Clark and his executive officer, Lt. Harry Eades Woodworth, both of whom had made all 11 war patrols.

References

* "Silent Victory: The U.S. Submarine War Against Japan", Clay Blair, jr., ISBN 1-55750-217-X
* "Sink 'Em All: Submarine Warfare in the Pacific", Charles A. Lockwood (VAdm, USN ret.), (1951)
*DANFS|http://history.navy.mil/danfs/t8/trout-i.htm|http://hazegray.org/danfs/submar/ss202.txt

External links

*navsource|08/08202|Trout
* [http://www.csp.navy.mil/ww2boats/trout.htm csp.navy.mil: Loss of USS "Trout"]