Texas Legislature

Infobox Legislature
name = Texas Legislature
coa_pic = Texas state seal.png coa-pic =
session_room = Texas State Capitol building-front left front oblique view.jpg
house_type = Bicameral
houses = Senate
House of Representatives
leader1_type = President of the Senate
leader1 = David Dewhurst
party1 = Republican
election1 = January 17, 2003
leader2_type = Speaker of the House
leader2 = Tom Craddick
party2 = Republican
election2 = January 11, 2003
members = 181
p_groups = Democratic Party
Republican Party
election3 = November 7, 2006
meeting_place = Texas State Capitol, Austin
website = http://www.capitol.state.tx.us

The Texas Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Texas. The legislature is a bicameral body composed of the upper house Texas Senate with 31 members, and the lower Texas House of Representatives with 150 members. The Legislature meets at the Texas State Capitol in Austin. In Texas, the legislature is arguably considered the most powerful arm of the Texas Government due to its power of the purse to control and direct the activities of state government, as well the strong constitutional connections between the legislature and the Lieutenant Governor of Texas.

The Legislature replaced the Congress of the Republic of Texas following Texas' entrance into the United States in 1845. The first session of the legislature met from February 16 to May 13, 1846.

tructure and operations

The legislature meets in regular session on the second Tuesday in January of each odd-numbered year. [Texas Government Code 301.001] The Texas Constitution limits the regular session to 140 calendar days. The Lieutenant Governor, elected statewide separate from the Governor, presides over the Senate, while the Speaker of the House is elected from that body by its members. Both have wide latitude in choosing committee membership in their respective houses and have a large impact on lawmaking in the state.

Only the Governor may call the Legislature into special sessions (the legislature may not call itself into session, as is the case in some other states), and the governor may call as many sessions as he wishes. For example, Governor Rick Perry called three consecutive sessions in 2003 to address congressional redistricting. The Texas Constitution limits the duration of each special session to 30 days; lawmakers may consider only those issues designated by the Governor in his "call," or proclamation convening the special session (though other issues may be added by the Governor during a session).

Both houses of the Legislature are officially organized on a bipartisan basis, with members of both parties serving in leadership positions such as committee chairmanships. Currently (2007), a majority of the members of each chamber are members of the Republican Party.

Qualification for service

The Texas Constitution sets the qualifications for election to each house as follows:

*A senator must be at least 26 years of age, a citizen of Texas five years prior to election and a resident of the district from which elected one year prior to election. Each senator serves a four-year term and one-half of the Senate membership is elected every two years in even-numbered years, with the exception that all 31 Senate seats are up for election for the first legislature following the decennial census in order to reflect the newly redrawn districts. After the initial election, the Senate is divided by lot into two classes, with one class having a re-election after two years and the other having a re-election after four years.

*A representative must be at least 21 years of age, a citizen of Texas for two years prior to election and a resident of the district from which elected one year prior to election. They are elected for two-year terms, running for re-election in even-numbered years.

Neither the House of Representatives nor the Senate has term limits.

Makeup of the Texas House of Representatives

Makeup of the Texas Senate

ee Also

Texas Legislature elections, 2006

Texas Legislature elections, 2008

References

*"Citizen Handbook". [http://www.senate.state.tx.us/CHBook/CHBook.htm The Senate of Texas] . Retrieved 13 April 2005.
*Handbook of Texas|id=TT/mkt2|name=Texas Legislature. Retrieved 13 April 2005.
*Stanley K. Young, "Texas Legislative Handbook" (1973).
*Univ. of Tex., "The Legislative Branch" in "Texas Politics," [http://texaspolitics.laits.utexas.edu/html/leg/0200.html] (last accessed Oct. 8, 2006) (stating that "The Texas Legislature is the most powerful of the three main branches of government [,] " primarily because it is "less weak than the other branches").

External links

* [http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/ Texas Legislature Online]
* [http://www.house.state.tx.us/welcome.php Texas House of Representatives]
* [http://www.senate.state.tx.us/ Texas Senate]
* [http://www.lrl.state.tx.us/Legislative Reference Library of Texas]
* [http://www.vote-smart.org/official_state_legislator.php?type=office&state_id=TX&criteria=upper Project Vote Smart - State Senate of Texas]
* [http://www.votesmart.org/official_state_legislator.php?type=office&state_id=TX&criteria=lower Project Vote Smart - State House of Texas]
* [http://texaspolitics.laits.utexas.edu/html/leg/index.html Texas Politics - The Legislative Branch]
* [http://tx.billhop.com Billhop - Texas Legislative Wiki]