Ystalyfera

Ystalyfera is a former industrial village situated on the River Tawe in the unitary authority of Neath Port Talbot, Wales. The estimated population for Ystalyfera and neighbouring Ystradgynlais is 10,247, with an estimate of 4,000 for Ystalyfera itself. Ystalyfera is also the name of an electoral ward and a community which cover the village and the surrounding area.

National Cycle Route 43 passes though the village.

History

The History of Ystalyfera begins with a small farming family who shared the land. This is clearly seen in the name, made up from the Welsh words, Yynys (meaning River Meadow), Tal (meaning End), Y (The) and Berran (A Composite of Ber and Rhan, which indicates a land-share). The history of the name can be seen as it evolved through the ages: -
*1582 Ynys Tal y Veran
*1604 Tir Ynystalverran
*1797 Stalyfera Issa, Ycha, Genol
*1831 Ystal-y-fera

i.e. a short piece of shared land (probably between agricultural labourers).

Ystalyfera grew as a village with the advent of Coal mining and Iron Working, which were a huge part of everyday life in the local communities of the Swansea Valley (Welsh: Cwmtawe).

In 1838 a furnace was built by James Palmer Budd at Ystalyfera and from this grew the iron and tinplate works which by 1863 was described as 'the largest tinplate manufactory in the world'. A new cold-blast process was successfully introduced here and, despite some early crises, the works prospered. By the mid 1850s there were forty furnaces for puddling and balling in operation and sixteen tin mills and houses. The output of iron increased from the 4,893 tons of 1843 to 29,828 tons in 1858. The works continued to grow during the 1860s and reached peak production in 1872 with the sale of 182,000 boxes of tinplate.

By this time, however, the years of prosperity were numbered. The 1870s witnessed little further addition to the plant of the works. Steel had now come to challenge iron on a larger scale, new methods of production demanded the energy, technical skill and capital which the ageing J. P. Budd at Ystalyfera could not supply. The works continued to operate during the eighteen seventies, but with Budd's death in 1880 the end was in sight. By this time the works were incurring heavy losses and late in 1885 the works finally closed. For more than forty years the works had been the colossus of the district and, more than anything else, had been responsible for the transformation of the latter's economic basis and social structure. Less significant in their contribution were the two ironworks, at Pontardawe and Brynamman, though both became substantial producers of tinplate from the 1860s.

The expansion in iron production inevitably created a heavy demand for local coal. The middle decades of the 19th century saw the expansion of existing mines and the sinking of new ones in the parish and the neighbouring districts.

With the closure of the iron works and later the coalmines, Ystalyfera suffered very heavily on the economic front. Through the 20th century, the village rebuilt and redefined its role. At present, there are various small businesses that run in the village, though most of the village's inhabitants commute to nearby Swansea or Neath to work.

Present

The village has Welsh language schools at both Primary school and Comprehensive school level. The Wern (English: Alder) Primary School, which was established at the end of the 19th Century and [http://www.ystalyfera.baglanit.org.uk/index.html Ysgol Gyfun Ystalyfera] , the latter having consistently good examination results. These schools reflect the high proportion of Welsh speakers in the area.

There is a proud rugby union team - an integral part of the village - and also a cricket team.

Ystalyfera is also the home to the [http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/ilovewales/sections/pubs/wernfawr Wern Fawr] public house, and its famed Bryncelyn Brewery. The Brewery on site produced the Champion Beer of Wales in 2002/3 and 2003/4, coming 3rd in 2004/5. All of the beers produced have a Buddy Holly theme. There is also an interesting collection of local memorabilia, including a wall of local made bricks and a large collection of drawing pins collected by Evan Wilfred a local committee member. Wilfred was once quoted in the local newspaper as saying "Ystalyfera is the place where the grass is green" after a story was published about Ystalyfera as being a location for a toxic waste dump in the 50's.

Population breakdown

Population density (People / sq mi) 2.8 "(24.9 for UK)"(Females / male) 1.07 "(1.05 for UK)"Average commute 12.03 miles "(8.73 miles for UK)"Average age 41 "(39 for UK)"Home ownership 12% "(16.9% for UK)"Student population 2% "(4.4% for UK)"People in good health 58% "(69% for UK)"People in bad health 42% "(53% for UK)"

Government and politics

Infobox Neath Port Talbot electoral ward
Electoral Ward = Ystalyfera
Ward

GridReference = SN767089
Largest Settlement=
Total Population = 3,065 (2001 census)
Land Area =
NoofCouncillors = 1
PostCodes = SA9
DiallingCode = +44-1639
AssemblyConstituency = Neath
Constituency = Neath The electoral ward of Ystalyfera is a division of Neath Port Talbot county borough and consists of some or all of the following settlements: Ystalyfera and Gurnos in the parliamentary constituency of Neath. The ward consists of a dense settlement to the east and north around the A4067 road in the Swansea Valley. An area of woodland lies to the west and the rest of the ward consists of open moorland with a few farms.

Ystalyfera is bounded by the wards of Cwm-Twrch and of Powys to the northeast; Ynyscedwyn of Powys to the east; Rhos to the southeast; Godre'r Graig to the south; Pontardawe to the west; and Cwmllynfell to the northwest.

In the 2008 local council elections, the electorate turnout was 49.08%. The results were:

External links

* [http://www.ystalyfera.org/ Ystalyfera Development Trust]
* [http://www.geograph.org.uk/search.php?i=2831837 www.geograph.co.uk : photos of Ystalyfera and surrounding area]